West Nile Virus Response Plan

APPENDIX G
New York State Department of Health
Arthropod-borne Disease Program
Mosquito Surveillance Guidelines
March, 2000

Table of Contents

TOPIC

Introduction

Response Protocols for Arthropod-Borne Diseases

Purpose

Program Perspective

Public Health Threat – Unanticipated Event

Public Health Threat – Anticipated Event

State Aid Applications

Vector Surveillance Only Activities DOH 0627-2377

Vector Surveillance and Control Activities DOH 0627-2378

Surveillance of Arthropod Vectors

Introduction

Vector Surveillance – Mosquitoes

Planning for Mosquito Surveillance

Egg Surveillance Methods (Oviposition Traps)

Larval Mosquito Surveillance Methods

Rearing Immature Mosquitoes

Maintaining Live Mosquitoes

Adult Mosquito Surveillance

Carbon Dioxide-baited Light Traps

Resting Collections / CDC Gravid Traps

Parity

Transportation and Handling of Collections

Identification and Pooling

Adult Mosquito Arboviral Testing

Attachments

State Aid Guidelines

Mosquito Guidelines and Data Forms

Contact information, Supplies, and Trap Instructions

Introduction

Since 1984, mosquito surveillance and control in New York State has been conducted largely in response to eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) outbreaks. EEE virus can cause mortality in unvaccinated equines and has, though infrequently, caused human morbidity and mortality. EEE outbreaks have occurred in the Syracuse Region, Long Island Region, and the lower Hudson valley. Monitoring mosquitoes can help to determine when EEE virus may be circulating in nature and allow for the rapid implementation of precautions to protect the public health.

The fall of 1999 marked the first time that West Nile virus appeared in the Western Hemisphere when evidence of virus infection was found in humans, equines, avians, and mosquitoes in New York City and surrounding areas. This unprecedented event resulted in the confirmation of 61 human cases with seven deaths from West Nile virus and isolation of virus from mammals, avians, and mosquitoes. Mosquito species from which virus was isolated were Culex pipiens, Cx. restuans, Culex. spp., and Aedes vexans. Questions regarding West Nile virus recurrence and maintenance have launched a variety of research investigations and plans for the potential maintenance of the virus in nature.

During the year 2000, mosquito surveillance for West Nile virus is recommended for the epidemic area and areas peripheral to where West Nile virus activity occurred during 1999. Public health professionals should conduct immature and adult mosquito surveillance and strive to increase public awareness and education regarding mosquitoes as potential transmitters of viral agents.

RESPONSE PROTOCOLS FOR ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES

PURPOSE

The purpose of these response protocols is to provide a guide for municipalities to meet the conditions of 10 NYCRR 44 in conducting approved vector surveillance or vector surveillance and control activities for state aid eligibility.

PROGRAM PERSPECTIVE

The Arthropod-Borne Disease Program (ABDP) is a unit of the Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, New York State Health Department (NYSDOH). Staffed by a group of research scientists, the program is located in four geographical locations, Albany, Buffalo, Stony Brook, and Syracuse. Laboratory support for arthropod-borne diseases is found within the Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research. The goal of the unit is to provide the people of the State of New York with a service and research orientated staff capable of investigating the epidemiology of arthropod related diseases. Investigations include nuisance complaints or episodes, and reporting sound scientific recommendations to insure institution of proper control procedures to alleviate or abate such episodes. Part of the service activities of the unit includes the assistance provided to localities who wish to engage in their own arthropod-borne disease activities, either vector surveillance or vector surveillance and control activities. Under Public Health Law 611, the NYSDOH provides state aid reimbursement to a county or municipality for approved surveillance or surveillance and control programs. Part 44 of the State Sanitary Code, 10 NYCRR 44, defines the conditions under which the NYSDOH will approve vector surveillance and control activities for State aid. These response protocols provide an overview of application procedures and objectives for municipalities to follow in applying for state aid reimbursement for vector surveillance or vector surveillance and control activities, and to outline the guidelines under which these applications will be evaluated by the Arthropod-borne Disease Program.

UNANTICIPATED PUBLIC HEALTH THREATS

The following procedures should be followed in the event that a municipality, in the absence of an ongoing vector surveillance or vector surveillance and control program, documents the occurrence of a public health threat due to an arthropod-borne disease that is unanticipated. An unanticipated threat is generally defined as the initial occurrence or where there has been no history of an arthropod-borne disease that poses a risk to the public health. The local health officer should immediately notify the Regional Health Director, the director of the Division of Epidemiology, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control and/or the Arthropod-borne Disease Program. Depending on the nature of the health threat, the local health unit may be requested to provide support or assistance to the Regional Medical Entomologist in the initiation of vector surveillance activities to determine the extent of the threat. The eligibility for state aid for such assistance will be reviewed and determined by the Department on a case by case basis. Details of the threat should include an assessment of the risk to the public health. The risk to human health shall be determined by taking into account the etiologic agent, the vector species, and the time of the year and weather conditions. Where a health threat is found to exist, the Commissioner of Health is empowered to take all necessary and prudent steps to control the health threat. Only the Commissioner of Health can declare a health threat from arthropod-borne disease for state aid eligibility.

PUBLIC HEALTH THREAT - ANTICIPATED EVENT

A municipality with a known history of a public health threat due to arthropod-borne disease should conduct a vector surveillance and control program or, minimally, a vector surveillance program with a contingency plan for responding to the detection of a public health threat due to arthropod-borne disease. In the event such a municipality elects not to participate in arthropod-borne disease control activities during any given year, and a public health threat is documented, the response of the Department will be made on a case by case basis. The risk to human health shall be determined by taking into account the etiologic agent, the vector species, the time of the year, and weather conditions. The Commissioner of Health is empowered to take all necessary and prudent steps to control the health threat. Only the Commissioner of Health of can declare a health threat from arthropod-borne disease for state aid eligibility. However, under no circumstance will the municipality be eligible for state aid reimbursement for control activities in the absence of a vector surveillance program.

STATE AID APPLICATIONS

Prior approval for arthropod-borne disease activities conducted by a municipality may be obtained by filing either state aid application DOH 0627-2377 for vector surveillance only programs or DOH 0627-2378 for vector surveillance and control activities. Forms should be filed by January 15 of the calendar year during which expenditures are anticipated (see Section II for unanticipated events). Applications are to be submitted through the Regional Medical Entomologist who should be consulted in preparing the appropriate forms.

A. Vector Surveillance Only Activities - DOH 0627-2377:

Purpose: This form is to be used by municipalities in applying for state aid reimbursement for vector surveillance only activities. The application should outline methods and techniques used to collect data on the occurrence of arthropods or arthropod-borne disease which may represent a threat to public health. Generalized acceptable surveillance activities for mosquito and tick-borne diseases are stated herein.

Limitations: Most surveillance activities are eligible for state aid and municipalities are encouraged to conduct surveillance activities. The state aid application should outline goals that are consistent with the objective of protecting the public health from arthropod-borne diseases. Program funds must be adequate to meet the objective(s) of the surveillance program. Municipalities that conduct surveillance activities in conjunction with control activities or have received state aid reimbursement for vector control activities in response to a documented public health threat (as outlined in their historical brief), should file a vector surveillance and control application (DOH form 0627-2378).

Evaluation: The Regional Medical Entomologist will review the application to determine the accuracy of the historical data, feasibility of the project, and adequacy of the methods and budget to meet the stated objectives. This review will be completed within two weeks of receipt of the application, and applicants will be notified if the application is approved. Incomplete or inadequate applications will be returned to the applicant with comments. Applicants may resubmit corrected applications.

Documentation: Prior to or at the time state aid vouchers are submitted for reimbursement, the municipality shall file a detailed monthly report summarizing their vector surveillance activities. Reports shall include site descriptions and site-specific vector surveillance data or summaries of disease surveillance activities. No state aid vouchers will be approved for payment until these reports are filed with the Regional Medical Entomologist. Approval of vouchers by the Regional Medical Entomologist indicates receipt and approval of the surveillance reports. Should surveillance activities result in the documentation of an unanticipated public health threat from arthropod-borne disease, the procedures under Section II should be followed.

Payment: State aid vouchers and supplemental data forms, DOH 0627-2379, detailing expenditures for surveillance activities for the same time periods may be filed quarterly, at the end of the surveillance program or annually. Vouchers and supplemental forms must be submitted absolutely no later than June 1st of the year following the completion of the surveillance program. All forms, vouchers, supplemental data and surveillance report forms are to be submitted by the municipalities to the Regional Medical Entomologist for approval.

Vector Surveillance and Control Activities DOH 0627-2378:

Purpose: This form is to be used by municipalities to apply for state aid reimbursement for arthropod or arthropod-borne disease surveillance and control activities. When an arthropod-borne disease found to be consistently present in an area is determined to pose a risk to the public health, and when surveillance activities have determined the principal vector or vector species, a municipality may wish to consider vector control activities to limit or alleviate the threat. The principal objective in control activities is to reduce disease activity and/or the infected vector population below a level necessary to sustain disease activity. Thus, the application for state aid reimbursement for vector control activities must stress how the control or preventive strategies will limit disease activity, not the amount of pesticide applied, number of ditches dug, or vehicle miles traveled. Furthermore, surveillance activities must be sufficiently comprehensive to document effective and long-term reductions in vector populations.

Vector Surveillance and Control - Mosquitoes: The use of chemicals for the control of mosquito vectors is allowed under 10 NYCRR 44. However, to be considered for state aid reimbursement, agencies must use chemicals registered for use by the NYSDEC against the target species and their use limited to areas where surveillance has established the existence of a public health threat. Additionally, the Department is committed to promoting sound, effective and long-term vector mosquito control strategies. Mosquitoes are aquatic in three of their four life stages (eggs, larvae and pupae) so control efforts directed at the aquatic stages (prior to adult emergence and dispersal) are recommended. Essential components of integrated municipal mosquito vector control programs include the elimination or reduction of mosquito habitats (source reduction) and/or the use of biological and chemical agents for larval control. Chemical control will be reimbursed only for activities conducted against established vector species and in areas where a public health threat has been documented. The use of ground or aerial adulticiding should be viewed as the least desirable method for control and will be reimbursed only where a public health threat has been documented and used in combination with education and other integrated mosquito control strategies. To determine the effectiveness of these control strategies, vector surveillance activities which detail the seasonal changes in vector populations and the reduction in vector populations as a result of control activities must be documented for approval of state aid reimbursed vector control activities. Surveillance activities in support of control activities may require the performance of a variety of surveillance techniques, including larval dipping counts, human biting collections, mosquito age determinations, permanent light trap stations (New Jersey traps) and miniature light traps, and the collection of pertinent biological data on known and suspect vectors.

Vector Surveillance and Control - Ticks: The use of chemicals for the control of tick vectors is allowed under 10 NYCRR 44. However, to be considered for state aid reimbursement, agencies must use chemicals registered for use against the target species and their use limited to areas where surveillance has established the existence of a public health threat. Additionally, the use of physical control procedures, such as brush clearing, elimination of host harborage areas should be given consideration. Applications requesting state aid reimbursement for tick surveillance and control activities must include a discussion of the surveillance techniques that will be used to determine the risk of human exposure and efficacy of control procedures. Disease intervention programs are viewed as a method of control. Thus, where a municipality is conducting educational programs on prevention and early detection of tick-borne diseases, some of these efforts may qualify for state aid reimbursement. Municipalities conducting such programs or interested in establishing these activities should consult with their Regional Medical Entomologist.

Limitations: Vector control activities in the absence of concurrent vector surveillance programs will not be eligible for state aid. Furthermore, the NYSDOH is committed to the promotion of environmentally sound control strategies, including the use of education, habitat modification, and reduction in host harborage areas. Adherence to state and federal regulations regarding environmental issues and the use and application of pesticides is required of the applicant. The applicant acknowledges compliance with environmental regulations by signing page 4 of DOH form 0627-2378. Approval of state aid reimbursement for vector surveillance and control activities by the NYSDOH does not waive these requirements.

Evaluation: The Regional Medical Entomologist will review the application to determine the accuracy of the historical data, feasibility of the project, and adequacy of the methods and budget to meet the stated objectives. This review will be completed within two weeks and applicants will be notified if the application is approved. Incomplete or inadequate applications will be returned to the applicant with comments. Applicants may resubmit updated applications. Applications from municipalities conducting vector surveillance and control operations will be more stringently reviewed than applicants conducting surveillance only. Application review may include the on site monitoring of control and surveillance activities, including inspection of equipment, review of efficacy data, and equipment calibration. Full cooperation with these inspections will be required for state aid approval and/or reimbursement.

Documentation: Prior to or at the time state aid vouchers are submitted for reimbursement, the municipality shall file detailed reports summarizing their vector surveillance activities and control activities. Reports shall include site descriptions and site-specific vector surveillance data or monthly summaries of disease surveillance activities. Monthly reports on surveillance activities in support of vector control activities shall include comparisons between pre- and post-control activities and comparisons of population data between treated and non-treated (control) areas in addition to site specific surveillance summaries. Methods of surveillance should be comparable between treated and non-treated areas. No state aid vouchers will be approved for payment until these reports are filed with the Regional Medical Entomologist. Approval of vouchers by the Regional Medical Entomologist indicates receipt and approval of the surveillance reports.

Payment: State aid vouchers and supplemental data forms, DOH 0627-2379, detailing expenditures for surveillance activities for the same time periods may be filed quarterly, at the end of the surveillance program or annually. Vouchers and supplemental forms must be submitted absolutely no later than June 1st of the year following the completion of the surveillance program. All forms, vouchers, supplemental data and surveillance report forms are to be submitted by the municipalities to the Regional Medical Entomologist for approval.

SURVEILLANCE OF ARTHROPOD VECTORS
Introduction

Surveillance is defined as the systematic collection of data pertaining to the occurrence of specific diseases transmitted by arthropods, the analysis and interpretation of these data, and the dissemination of consolidated and processed information to ABDP and other interested persons. When applied to the complex cycles of arthropod-borne diseases, surveillance activities include the epidemiological study of a disease as a dynamic process involving the ecology of the infectious agent, the hosts, both human and animal, the reservoirs and the vectors. Also included are the mechanisms concerned in the spread of infection and the extent to which this spread occurs. Thus, any or all of these activities, when performed by a municipality (locality) in a systematic fashion with the objective of determining the potential or actual occurrence of an arthropod-borne disease or arthropod-borne disease agent recognized as a public health threat, would be eligible to received state aid reimbursement for such activities.

In New York State, arthropod-borne diseases that constitute a threat to the public's health fall into two broad categories: mosquito-borne viruses and tick-borne diseases. Mosquito-borne viruses that have caused human disease in New York State include California encephalitis (CAL), West Nile (WN), St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE), and eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) viruses. Tick-borne diseases known to cause human disease in New York State include Lyme disease, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Powassan virus. Generally, surveillance activities are initially directed to the detection of the vector species. Since vector surveillance techniques for mosquitoes and ticks are substantially different, the types of surveillance activities for the two groups will be outlined and are reimbursed separately.

Vector Surveillance – Mosquitoes

Mosquitoes are aquatic in three of their four life stages (eggs, larvae and pupae). Larvae and pupae are concentrated in water sources and adults are widely-dispersed terrestrially. Surveillance and control activities vary for immature and adult mosquitoes. Surveillance activities can be directed to the collection of eggs, larvae and pupae, and adults. More detailed information on mosquito surveillance techniques can be obtained from the Guidelines for Arbovirus Surveillance in the United States prepared by the Centers for Disease Control in 1993. This document contains references to many of the techniques briefly mentioned in the following sections. Many of the referenced articles in these guidelines were published in the Journal of American Mosquito Control Association, formerly known as Mosquito News. Members of this journal from 1972 to the present are maintained by the Syracuse Unit of the ABDP and reprints may be obtained from this office.

Planning for Mosquito Surveillance

LHUs need to determine the intended mosquito surveillance goals and the resources available to accomplish these goals. Available resources are both county-supported and state-supported. County budgets for surveillance should reflect personnel, supplies (permanent and expendable) and equipment, and travel needs. State-supported resources include reimbursement monies for approved surveillance and control activities and laboratory testing of an allocated number of mosquito specimens. For adequate surveillance, it may be necessary to divide a county or area of interest into geographic areas and allot a number of traps to each region. Counties with restricted personnel should consider travel time necessary to set and collect traps at distant locations and whether it might be more feasible to establish trapping sites closer to the base of operations.

Egg Surveillance Methods (Oviposition Traps)

Mosquitoes lay eggs either singly or as groups cemented together called rafts. Species that lay eggs singly lay them either directly on the water surface or on damp, moist surfaces that will be subject to flooding. Members of the genera Aedes and Anopheles lay their eggs singly. All species that lay egg rafts lay them directly on water and include members of the genera Culex and Coquillettidia. Surveillance for mosquitoes that breed in artificial containers can include methods designed to collect their eggs. Oviposition traps (ovitraps) for Aedes are usually cans painted black and fitted with a wooden paddle (or seed germination paper or velour paddles or other coarse, absorbent material) as an oviposition surface. The paddles are set vertically in the can and water is added to fill the can half full. The can is charged with water tainted with organic material from leaf litter. This results in a wet area of the paddle plus a wick effect. Eggs are deposited on the paddle above the water line. Ovitraps are visited routinely (weekly) to examine the paddles for the presence of eggs, and the water examined for the presence of larvae. Paddles containing eggs should be removed, placed in a plastic bag and labeled by site. Replacement paddles should be added to the trap and larvae removed. For Culex, CDC gravid traps can provide a source of egg rafts. An ovitrap for Culex can be created from a water-filled basin (capable of holding 4-6" of water) infused with an organic source. Culex egg rafts are removed with a fine tip paint brush and placed in small glass vial. Glass vials should be packed within plastic containers to keep them upright during transportation. In the laboratory, first instar larvae can be identified to species, enumerated, recorded by collection method, and used to start colonies, if desired.

Larval Mosquito Surveillance Methods

Surveillance activities for immature (larvae and pupae) mosquitoes involve the location or mapping and characterization of aquatic habitats (mosquito breeding areas). Mosquito breeding can occur anywhere where there is standing water available. Examples are numerous and include tires, drums, pails, garbage cans, plant pots, clogged rain gutters, bird baths, storm drains, unchlorinated swimming pools, swimming pool covers, or discarded appliances containing water. Mosquito breeding also occurs in natural water-filled areas not subject to wind or wave action. These areas may be temporary, flooded areas, wetlands, flooded depressions, or stream edges where quiet water pools exist.

The standard one-pint dipper is generally used for sampling (dipping) for mosquito larvae. There are several recommendations for successful dipping. Larvae at or under the water surface are sensitive to water movement and shadows. Try to minimize both. The dipper cup should be directed at making a quick but gentle sweep at the water surface. Enter the water at an angle so that surface water begins entering the cup. Continue sweeping across the water surface until the cup is one-half to three-quarters full. Avoid filling the cup all the way because larvae can escape before the dipper is righted and removed from the water. Larvae that are disturbed from the water surface will escape to deeper water, resurfacing only when air is needed. Pausing between dips or changing dipping locations will allow enough time for larvae to resurface. If there is vegetation in the water, try dipping where the water meets the leaves or stems. Collections (samples) are recorded as number of larvae per dip on Mosquito Breeding Site Survey Forms. The utilization of GPS/GIS technology for mapping mosquito breeding areas is encouraged.

Larvae can be identified to species through the use of larval mosquito identification keys. We recommend the keys of C.J. Stojanovitch, Common Mosquitoes of the Northeastern United States. Another valuable reference, for larvae and adults, is the 2-volume set Mosquitoes of New York by Robert G. Means which can be purchased for $12/set from the New York State Museum (Albany). Request Bulletin No. 430a for Part I. The genera Aedes Meigen with identification keys to genera of Culicidae, and Bulletin No. 430b for Part II. Genera of Culicidae other than Aedes occurring in New York. Most larval keys are written for the identification of third or fourth instar larvae

Appropriate stage larvae can be preserved in glass vials or reared in a closed container to the adult stage to confirm identifications. Field collected larvae can be temporarily held in the water they were collected from. For preservation, gently subject larvae to progressively warmer water until the larvae are dead. Transfer specimens to a glass vial eliminating as much of the water as possible. Fill vial with greater than or equal to 75 percent ethyl alcohol and store for a day or two. For final preservation, drain the vial and replace the alcohol/water mixture with greater than or equal to 75 percent ethanol to which a drop of glycerin is added. Label vial with collection information (site, date, species).

Rearing Immature Mosquitoes

Field collected larvae can be reared as sources of reference collections of both immature and adult specimens, live colonies to aid in determining insecticide efficacy, or other research purposes. Because of the risk of virus transmission, mosquitoes should be reared within limited access facilities and confined within screened cages. Larval rearing pans are commercially available. Pans should be two-thirds filled with distilled or deionized water rather than chlorinated tap water because chlorine can be toxic to mosquitoes. Larvae feed on bacteria from decomposing organic matter. Dry dog food pellets (one or two per pan) may be used as a food source for mosquito larvae. Consumption of the food will depend on the number of larvae in the pan, their stage of development and related feeding intensity. Mosquito larvae obtain oxygen directly from the air surface with their siphon (located on the posterior end). Excess feeding will result in the formation of a film on the water surface that may suffocate the larvae. To remove the film, the surface should be skimmed with a folded paper towel. Brown paper toweling, a common bathroom stock item, works well but any toweling will be sufficient. The surface should be skimmed every day or two as needed. Fourth instar larvae molt to become pupae, which are usually dark and comma-shaped. Pupae do not feed but still need access to the water surface to breathe. Pans containing pupae should be covered with glass, plexiglass, cheesecloth, or mosquito netting. Pupae can also be transferred to mosquito breeding containers specialized for holding pupae and emerged adults. Within a few days, pupae emerge as adults. Adults emerge slowly from the pupal case and rest on the water surface to allow their body parts to dry and harden. Adults tend to rest on the sides of the pan or on the water surface and can be mechanically aspirated between holding containers. Freshly emerged adults make excellent referen ce specimens. Older specimens tend to be damaged with frayed wings, missing scales, or less well-defined coloration.

Maintaining Live Adult Mosquitoes

Live adult mosquitoes can be kept in colonies in screened cages that are hand-made or commercially available. Cages come in a variety of dimensions. Cages should be maintained in screened partitions within limited access rooms. Mosquitoes are prone to dessication and care should be taken to provide them with a humid environment. Wrapping plastic around the screen will help keep mosquitoes from drying. Mosquitoes should be provided with a 10 percent sucrose solution (10 grams sucrose in 90 ml distilled, deionized, or tap water). This provides a nutrient-rich fluid for males and females. Generally, a cotton wick is set in the sucrose solution and mosquitoes alight on the wick to ingest fluid. Wicks should be changed weekly or as they become moldy. To maintain mosquitoes in colony requires animal or human blood sources and oviposition sites. The use of an animal for blood meals requires the consideration of animal welfare protocols.

Adult Mosquito Surveillance

Mosquito-borne viral pathogens in New York generally cause encephalitis in humans. West Nile and EEE can also cause disease in an animal host. All involve wild animals, as non-clinical zoonotic hosts (or reservoirs), and have unknown maintenance cycles. The exception is the California viruses that are maintained through transovarial and transstadial infection of the mosquito vectors. Infection in man by an arbovirus occurs through the bite of an infected adult female mosquito. Thus, most vector surveillance activities are directed to the collection of this stage. Long-term, consistent data collection is the preferred method to monitor mosquito populations and is the basis for a mosquito surveillance program. Monitoring mosquitoes in a standardized fashion provides information about species present, numbers of individuals within a species, and seasonal population trends among species. Mosquito surveillance should start in the spring when air temperatures warm to greater than or equal to 50 ⁰F, possibly in April or May. Surveillance will likely end in September or October unless warm air temperatures (greater than or equal to 50 ⁰F) or evidence of virus requires extended surveillance. Continuing mosquito surveillance each season provides historical data about mosquito populations within an area of interest. Weather (air temperature and rainfall) affects both immediate and future mosquito populations and should be taken into account when evaluating data. In the event of a pesticide application to control mosquito populations, having pre- and post-application numbers of mosquitoes at a site provides a means for evaluating the effectiveness of the application.

Carbon Dioxide-baited Light Traps

Miniature light traps are considered the standard tool for surveillance of mosquito vectors. Light weight and powered by four D-cell batteries, the trap is portable and can be used to sample a variety of adult mosquito habitats. One set of four alkaline D-cell batteries will provide sufficient fan and light bulb power for four nights of operation. When retrieving a collection, a single battery should be removed to stop the batteries from providing power. The battery can be sealed in a plastic bag and tied to a nearby branch. After the fourth night of operation, all four D-cell batteries are recycled. Counties considering long-term mosquito surveillance may want to consider the use of dry cell batteries and rechargers to power traps.

Traps are located in areas with a known history of disease activity. For EEE and California viruses, these may be swamps and wooded areas. For West Nile virus, the areas of concern are more urbanized. The trap collects primarily host-seeking female mosquitoes and the addition of three to four pounds of carbon dioxide in the form of dry ice as an attractant substantially increases the collection of mosquitoes. To get the desirable amount of dry ice, a solid 60 pound block should be purchased sliced into quarters from a vendor. Each quarter- slice is cut with a bow saw by the LHU staff into 4 equal pieces (1/16 of the original block). This creates four 3 – 4 pound softball size squares of dry ice to be used with 4 miniature light traps. Generally, dry ice is purchased each Monday and stored in a dry ice chest. The number of blocks purchased depends on how many traps are operated and how many nights per week traps are set. A county operating 20 carbon dioxide-baited traps 2 nights/week will need 2.25 blocks/week for this purpose, plus an extra block to preserve pooled specimens. More dry ice may be required if specimens are stored through a weekend. It is recommended that an ultra-low temperature freezer (set at minus 40⁰ to minus 80⁰) be used for long-term pool storage.

The miniature light trap supplemented with dry ice is generally recommended for routine surveillance activities for mosquito-borne viruses. Traps are set in the late afternoon or early evening and retrieved the following morning. To standardize collection times, the ABDP feels that the light trap produced by the J. W. Hock Company may be particularly helpful. The trap is equipped with a photocell and a series of switches (see table below) that automatically powers the trap at sunset and allows the trap to run until collections are retrieved. This feature allows personnel to place traps on site prior to dusk. This trap also comes with a solid collection cup that protects captured specimens better than collapsible nets.

Switch Number			Function
1	2	3	Function
Open	Open	Open	Fan and light always on; operation independent of light levels.
Open	Open	Closed	Fan always on, light switches on at dusk and then off again at dawn.
Open	Closed	Closed	Fan and light both switch on at dusk and off at dawn; insects would be lost if trap is not serviced before dawn.
Closed	Closed	Closed	Fan and light both switch on at dusk; the following morning, the light goes off and the motor continues, saving the catch. Recommended setting.

Reference: J.W. Hock Company, Gainesville, FL

Each trap location is considered a trap site. Traps baited with dry ice should be spaced a minimum of 100 feet apart to prevent trap interference. Initial surveillance activities may require the setting of multiple traps sites in a single area to determine the most productive trapping site. For sampling purposes, collections from each trap site should be sorted and identified separately. Trap collections provide only an index of the number and types of mosquitoes present in an area at any one time. Thus, to produce useful information, traps must be operated consistently at the area, or same trap site, over a period of time (weeks, months, years). It is equally important to establish a control, non-treatment site, that can provide consistent data for evaluating control efforts. For example, a control trap site might be located in highly sensitive environmental area where treatments will occur only under the most extreme public health conditions. When collections are used for arbovirus surveys, additional care must be taken to preserve specimens properly frozen on dry ice to be acceptable for virus assay. Irrespective of the purpose, either for enumeration of species or for the detection of mosquito-borne viruses, specimens collected in light traps must be identified to species and data recorded on a daily basis for each trap site. Municipalities concerned with the detection of EEE virus may find the use of diurnal resting boxes (DRBs) or un-baited (no dry ice) CDC traps acceptable substitutes or in addition to the use of baited CDC traps. For West Nile virus, CDC gravid traps, mechanical aspirators, or bird-baited traps may be alternatives to the miniature light trap for the collection of adult Culex.

Resting Collections/CDC Gravid Trap

Miniature light traps primarily collect host-seeking, non-blooded female mosquitoes. Following blood feeding, mosquitoes will seek sheltered areas in which to rest and digest the bloodmeal into eggs. Once eggs are formed, the now gravid female will seek a suitable site to lay (oviposit) her eggs. Both the resting and gravid mosquito population can be sampled. In swamp habitats, the diurnal resting shelter is particularly useful for collecting the Culiseta vectors of EEE virus and species of Anopheles and Culex. Resting shelters work best in heavily shaded, wooded areas with limited understory (areas not found in urban situations). However, recently blooded mosquitoes will use artificial shelters such as culverts, abandoned buildings, cellars, and other areas where they can rest undisturbed for several days. Mosquitoes can be collected from these areas through the use of mechanical aspirators.

Traps specifically designed to collect mosquitoes seeking oviposition sites have been found to be successful in sampling large numbers of Culex. The CDC gravid trap consists of a large plastic basin of organic water over which rests the motorized fan and collection net. The basis of organic water as an attractant is based on a fermenting mixture of hay, lactalbumen, and brewer’s yeast cited in Reiter (1986). Similar attractive oviposition sites can be created by adding 1 or 2 handfuls of rabbit food to a pan of water. The water should be checked each time the trap is set and froths or films should be cleared away because these make the water less attractive to mosquitoes. The water should be changed on a weekly basis.

Gravid females are attracted to the water as a suitable medium to lay egg rafts. As she inspects the water surface the fan sucks her into the net. Gravid traps should be set and collected at the same times as miniature light traps. Gravid trap nets are more fragile than light trap collection cups and should be handled accordingly. Nets can be gently collapsed and placed on dry ice in preparation for sorting and pooling.

Parity

Following oviposition, a female has completed a gonotropic cycle and will again seek a bloodmeal. In the absence of transovarial transmission a female requires two bloodmeals to transmit a disease pathogen to a host including humans. The more females that survive to take a second or third bloodmeal the higher the disease potential. One method of determining the age of a population is to monitor the numbers of individuals that have not taken a bloodmeal (nulliparous individuals) and the numbers of individuals that have taken a bloodmeal (parous). The parity rate is determined by examining the condition of the trachea that feed the female ovaries. In nulliparous females, the tracheal branches that feed the ovaries are tightly coiled. In a parous female the ovary branches are expanded out (elongated). Parity indicates that a female has taken a bloodmeal, not the number of bloodmeals taken. To determine the number of bloodmeals taken, the ovaries can be dissected and the number of ovarian dilations counted.

Transportation and Handling of Collections

The solid collection cup provided with the Hock New standard miniature light trap is a modified tupperware-like container. The solid bottom has screening and the screw-cap lid fitted with a combination elastic and cotton sleeve. The cup keeps mosquitoes from being damaged prior to the identification and pooling process. The cup design also keeps mosquitoes drier during rain. Ringed, collapsible nets, such as used on the CDC gravid trap, require less storage space but can cause damaged specimens if nets are handled roughly or packed too tightly.

The elastic lip of the collection cup skirting fits snugly on the plexiglass housing of the miniature light trap motor. Mosquitoes are kept captive in the cup by the operating fan. Batteries should not be removed from the trap until the collection cup is removed and tied off using the pre-mounted shoe strings. The neck of netted collections can be knotted onto itself to secure these collections. Alive mosquitoes should not remain in cups or nets indefinitely. The labeled collection cup is transported to the laboratory and placed on dry ice, stacking on each other as necessary. Collection cups and ringed nets should be clearly labeled with trap site names to eliminate confusion as to which site the collection is from.

Mosquito collections are transported to the lab and placed on dry ice. Place a layer of paper between the dry ice and mosquito collections. Collections are generally ready to be identified after storage for 30-40 minutes in the dry ice chest. These are considered freshly killed specimens and are the preferred condition for identification and parity determination. It is better to keep specimens alive in the collection cup or net rather than leaving them on dry ice for extended periods of time. Collections can be placed in a dedicated household refrigerator and stored for 24 hours prior to identification, if necessary. However, mosquitoes that die and are not stored frozen

(-40 ^oC or below) are unsuitable for submission for virus processing.

Identification and Pooling

Collections are identified by site, method, and date of collection. Collections by the same method from the same site may be combined to increase numbers. However, never mix specimens collected from different trapping methods. Carefully remove chilled mosquitoes from the cup or net and place on a clean, white surface. Sort non-mosquitoes from mosquitoes. Adult mosquitoes can be identified visually (by naked eye only) or through the aid of a microscope. Collections are to be sorted by species, physiologic status (fed, unfed, gravid), and sex (male, female). It is easier to visually sort specimens and then to microscopically check the accuracy of the identifications.

Mosquitoes kept on dry ice for more than three hours become brittle and will break during thawing, sorting, and pooling. Broken mosquitoes (i.e., separated legs, thoraxes, and abdomens) make identifications difficult. Of critical importance is the fact that virus contained within a single mosquito leg of one species can contaminate a pool of an unrelated species and result in a virus isolation. Record numbers of collected females on the Weekly Miniature Light Trap Collection Form (ABDP-0621-002). The presence of a large number of males is an indication of a recent emergence and should be noted on the data sheet. However, only females should be pooled for virus isolation. Be sure to indicate the collection method used. Accurate identifications of mosquitoes submitted for viral testing is of extreme importance. In either case, it is always preferential to identify mosquitoes freshly killed. Pooled mosquitoes must be kept on dry ice or in an ultra-low temperature freezer (-60 ⁰C) to be satisfactory for virus testing. Always strive to maintain the integrity of specimens submitted for viral testing. Only properly identified species will be considered for submission for virus assay procedures.

Not all mosquitoes collected need to be tested for arboviruses. Target species for laboratory submission varies by disease pathogen of concern. For EEE virus, Culseta melanura is the primary vector species. Although questions remain as to the status of certain mosquito species as vectors of West Nile virus, present thinking is to place emphasis on the following species: all members of the genus Culex, i.e., Cx. pipiens, Cx. restuans, and Cx. salinarius, and the suspected secondary vectors including Ae. japonicus, Ae. triseriatus, Ae. vexans, and Ae. sollicitans. Pooling of the latter two species should occur only when there is a high parity rate in the host-seeking female population.

Specimens submitted for virus assaying are placed in vials as a group (pool) of generally 10 to 100 specimens of the same species and physiological status, collected from the same site during a week. To maximize number of specimens per pool, collections of the same species from multiple trap sites of the same trap type within an area may be combined although each trap site is sorted and identified separately. For West Nile virus, an area might be a park, a residential neighborhood, or an urban area up to 2 square miles in size. For EEE virus, a swamp complex (including the actual swamp and surrounding wooded habitats) would define the surveillance area. Specimens that are pooled for submission as part of the municipality’s weekly pool allocation are placed in orange-capped tubes with glass beads and labeled with the pre-printed laboratory accession numbers. Collection data for the pool is recorded on a Mosquitoes/ Tissues Field Collection form (DOH-2061). If desired, specimens that cannot be accommodated in the weekly allocation should be stored in plastic snap-capped tubes (12 x 75 ml) and clearly labeled with all information required for laboratory submission. Vials containing such pools must be stored and maintained on dry ice or in an ultra low temperature freezer until submitted to the Griffin Laboratory for processing.

Adult Mosquito Arboviral Testing

Tube racks containing mosquito pools should be packed within dry ice and delivered to The Highly Infectious Unit of the Griffin Laboratory, Wadsworth Centers, NYSDOH, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, New York 12159. Shipments should be coordinated with the HIU by contacting (518) 869-4525 prior to shipment. Pools should be transported or shipped to the laboratory weekly. If transported (hand-delivered), pools should arrive during standard working hours on a Thursday or Friday. If pools are shipped, an over-night express service should be used and it is preferable that shipments do not originate on a Friday. Dry ice is considered a hazardous material by some shipping services so be aware of package identification and handling procedures required by your chosen vendor.

Mosquito pools will be assayed for arboviral agents using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell culture techniques. PCR detects the genetic material of a viral agent, regardless of the agent’s infectivity status. Cell culture assays requires infectious virus particles. Preliminary results from PCR tests may be available three days after specimen pool assaying begins. But, cell culture assay for flaviruses require seven to ten days or more of incubation for viral cytopathic effect to occur. Collection, assaying, and confirmation of virus from vectors may require up to three weeks of combined field and laboratory efforts.

ARTICLE 6—STATE AID TO CITIES AND COUNTIES [NEW] [Eff. Jan. 1, 1988. See, also, Art. 6 ante.]

Title

Attachments

Introduction

Planning for Mosquito Surveillance

Rearing Immature Mosquitoes

mosquitoes should be reared within limited access facilities and confined within screened cages. Larval rearing pans are commercially available. Pans should be two-thirds filled with distilled or deionized water rather than chlorinated tap water because chlorine can be toxic to mosquitoes. Larvae feed on bacteria from decomposing organic matter. Dry dog food pellets (one or two per pan) may be used as a food source for mosquito larvae. Consumption of the food will depend on the number of larvae in the pan, their stage of development and related feeding intensity. Mosquito larvae obtain oxygen directly from the air surface with their siphon (located on the posterior end). Excess feeding will result in the formation of a film on the water surface that may suffocate the larvae. To remove the film, the surface should be skimmed with a folded paper towel. Brown paper toweling, a common bathroom stock item, works well but any toweling will be sufficient. The surface should be skimmed every day or two as needed. Fourth instar larvae molt to become pupae, which are usually dark and comma-shaped. Pupae do not feed but still need access to the water surface to breathe. Pans containing pupae should be covered with glass, plexiglass, cheesecloth, or mosquito netting. Pupae can also be transferred to mosquito breeding containers specialized for holding pupae and emerged adults. Within a few days, pupae emerge as adults. Adults emerge slowly from the pupal case and rest on the water surface to allow their body parts to dry and harden. Adults tend to rest on the sides of the pan or on the water surface and can be mechanically aspirated between holding containers. Freshly emerged adults make excellent reference specimens. Older specimens tend to be damaged with frayed wings, missing scales, or less well-defined coloration.

Maintaining Live Adult Mosquitoes

TITLE II—STATE AID FOR ADDITIONAL SERVICES

Dr. Jack Berlin, M.S., Ph.D., Research Scientist

Dr. Leo Grady, Chief

Dr. Cinnia Huang

Maintenance Kit for Traps. A spare parts kit should always accompany personnel when setting and retrieving traps. The kit should contain at least 4 D-cell batteries, flashlight bulbs, nylon cord, scissors, duct tape, blank paper or index cards (used to identify collection cups with site names if necessary), and a pencil.

Mosquito Collection Tools

Arthropod-borne Disease Program

Inventory for Mosquito Collection Kit

Suppliers of Mosquito Collection Products

Site Description*

Depth of Water:

Water Temperature:

Remediation-Control Options*

DRAFT

Code Sheet for Mosquito Breeding Site Survey

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

HABITAT TYPE

PERMANENCE OF HABITAT

HABITAT CONDITION

REMEDIATION – CONTROL OPTIONS

CHEMICAL CONTROL

Total

Number of

Average per

Collected

Date:____________

DRAFT

Summary of Mosquito Pool Submissions Form

County Name: ___________________ County Code: ______

Date to Laboratory: ____________

Collection Dates: From: ____________ To: ____________

Results

Ae. abserratus ABS

Ae. cinereus CIN Cx. pipiens-restuans PRE

Ae. excrucians EXC Culiseta

ABS - Aedes abserratus PCI - Psorophora ciliata

TITLE II—STATE AID FOR ADDITIONAL SERVICES

Section

State aid; physically handicapped children.
State aid; laboratories.
State aid; air pollution control.
State aid; mosquito and vector control.
State aid; public nursing homes.
State aid; immunization.

§ 611. State aid; mosquito and vector control [Eff. Jan. 1, 1988.]

Where a county or municipal agency designated by the county health department or part-county department of health conducts a mosquito and vector control surveillance program approved by the department, it shall be provided state aid reimbursement at the same percentage rate as basic public health services are reimbursed under paragraph (a) of subdivision two of section six hundred five of this article, provided however that, the total state aid reimbursement provided pursuant to this section to such county or municipal agency shall not exceed five thousand dollars. The reimbursement provided pursuant to this section shall be made from funds appropriated for the operation of local health departments pursuant to title one of this article.
Where a county or municipal agency designated by a county health department or a part-county health department conducts a mosquito and vector control program approved by the department, is shall be provided state aid reimbursement at the same percentage rate as basic public health services are reimbursed under paragraph (a) of subdivision two of section six hundred five of this article, provided however, that the total state aid reimbursement provided pursuant to this section to such county or municipal agency shall not exceed fifty thousand dollars. The reimbursement provided pursuant to this section shall be made from funds appropriated for the operation of local health departments pursuant to title one of this article.

Article 6, Title II, Section 611, Cont’d.

Under emergency situations, the department shall reimburse county or municipalities at the same percentage rate as basic public health services reimbursed under paragraph (a) of subdivision two of section six hundred five of this article for the cost of emergency vector control measures as approved by the department. Such funds shall be made available from funds appropriated for the operation of local health departments, only to those counties or municipalities which have expended all other state aid which may be available for mosquito and vector control and surveillance programs.

(Added L.1986, c. 901, § 2.)

Effective Date; Expiration: Actions Necessary for Implementation. See section 4 of L.1986, c. 901, set out as a note under section 600 set out second.

Bureau of Communicable Disease Control
Arthropod-borne Disease Program
State Aid Application for
Vector Surveillance Only Programs

Instructions: This application should be used by municipalities seeking approval for vector surveillance only programs. Municipalities which conduct vector surveillance activities in support of control activities should file a state aid application for vector surveillance and control programs (DOH 0627-2378). The application should address each section, historical brief and surveillance activities. The original and 2 copies of forms and supporting documentation should be submitted to your Regional Medical Entomologist. Consult with your Regional Medical Entomologist as necessary to complete this application.

Historical Brief:

The applicant should review arthropod activity in the area with evidence of any substantive endemic disease that has occurred during the past decade and to include the number of human cases (confirmed and presumptive), clustering of human cases, and/or isolations of the agents from vector species. The application should include a detailed description of the geographic area and a map of the county where disease or vector populations have occurred previously.

Surveillance Activities:

The application must describe the target species to be surveyed, the methods used for surveillance, and the anticipated goals of the surveillance (e.g., defining the distribution of the vector species).

Verification of Proposal:

The proposal should be dated and signed with endorsement through the responsible county health agency.

APPLICANT:____________________________________ YEAR_________

1. FORMAT FOR HISTORICAL BRIEF: (Attach additional sheets as necessary)

For each disease list the number of cases, date (month/year) and locations (city, town, village) and/or vector species, # of isolations, date (month/year) and location (city, town village) that has occurred in your municipality.

During the past ten years______________________________ (name of municipality) has had:

A. Human and/or animal cases of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE), and/or geographic clustering of human cases of California Encephalitis (CE), Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Lyme Disease, Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, or other indigenous cases of arthropod-borne disease.

B. And/or: We have isolated the disease agent of Eastern Equine Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis, and/or Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Lyme Disease, Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, or have isolated other indigenous arthropod-borne disease agents from:

II. SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES: (Attach additional sheets as necessary)

A. Target Species:

B. Methods:

C. Anticipated Goals:

III. BUDGET:

A. Surveillance Activities:

As an applicant for state aid reimbursement, we acknowledge that the approval of our program by the New York State Department of Health for state aid reimbursement does not relieve us of our obligation to comply with all applicable laws or regulations including Article 8 of the Environmental Conservation Law and implementing regulations (10 NYCRR 44.41(c)(2)).

__________________________________________

Prepared by:

___________________________________________________________ _____________

Signature of Preparer and Title Date:

Certified by:

________________________________________________

County Commissioner of Health / Chairperson Board of Health

	Approved for Surveillance Only	Regional Medical Entomologist Date
	Disapproved	Regional Medical Entomologist Date

	Approved for Surveillance Only	Program Coordinator Date
	Disapproved	Program Coordinator Date

	Approved for Surveillance Only	Director, Arthropod-borne Disease Program Date
	Disapproved	Director, Arthropod-borne Disease Program Date

DOH 0627-2377 2/97

Bureau of Communicable Disease Control
Arthropod-borne Disease Program
State Aid Application for
Vector Surveillance and Control Programs

Instructions: This application should be used by municipalities seeking approval for vector surveillance and vector control programs. Control activities include programs conducted in response to a public health threat, control activities that may be undertaken if a public health threat is found to exist through vector surveillance activities, or nuisance control activities. The application should address each section, historical brief, surveillance activities, and control activities. The original and 2 copies of forms and supporting documentation should be submitted to your Regional Medical Entomologist. Consult with your Regional Medical Entomologist as necessary to complete this application.

Historical Brief:

The applicant should review arthropod activity in the area with evidence of any substantive endemic disease that has occurred during the past decade and to include the number of human cases (confirmed and presumptive), clustering of human cases, and/or isolations of the agents from vector species. The application should include a detailed description of the geographic area and a map of the county identifying where disease or vector populations have occurred previously.

Surveillance Activities:

The application must describe the target species to be surveyed, the methods used for surveillance, and the anticipated goals of the surveillance (e.g., in relation to control activities).

Control Activities:

For the target species, the application should include a discussion of each of the control strategies listed below. The control activities should discuss feasibility, work force, equipment procedures, pertinent safeguards and anticipated short and long term benefits.

Non-Pesticide Control:

Habitat Modification
Biological Control

Pesticide Control:

Integrated Pest Management
Ground Chemical Pesticide Control (If applicable)
Aerial Chemical Pesticide Control (If applicable)

For chemical pesticide control activities, the applicant must state the chemical, trade name and formulation to be used, the EPA registration number, the exact amount of each pesticide applied the previous year, the target area, geographic location (provide map), and the time of application. Aerial application of pesticides will be approved only under conditions detailed in section 44.60 (d)(3) of 10 NYCRR 44.

Verification of Proposal:

The proposal should be dated and signed with endorsement through the responsible county health agency.

APPLICANT:____________________________________ YEAR_________

1. FORMAT FOR HISTORICAL BRIEF: (Attach additional sheets as necessary)

During the past ten years______________________________ (name of municipality) has had:

II. SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES: (Attach additional sheets as necessary)

A. Target Species:

B. Methods:

C. Anticipated Goals:

III. CONTROL ACTIVITIES: (Attach additional sheets as necessary)

A. Non-Pesticide Methods:

B. Pesticide Control Activities:

IV. BUDGET:

A. Surveillance Activities:

B. Control Activities:

__________________________________________

Prepared by:

_________________________________________________________ _____________

Signature of Preparer and Title Date:

Certified by:

________________________________________________

County Commissioner of Health / Chairperson Board of Health

	Approved for Surveillance Only	Regional Medical Entomologist Date
	Disapproved	Regional Medical Entomologist Date

	Approved for Surveillance Only	Program Coordinator Date
	Disapproved	Program Coordinator Date

	Approved for Surveillance Only	Director, Arthropod-borne Disease Program Date
	Disapproved	Director, Arthropod-borne Disease Program Date

DOH 0627-2378 2/97

Effective Date: August 19, 1992

PART 44

STATE AID FOR APPROVED VECTOR SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL PROGRAMS

(Statutory authority: Public Health Law, Section 611 and 619)

Sec.

44.10 Purpose

44.20 Definitions

44.30 Eligibility for State aid

44.40 Procedure for applying for State aid

44.41 Additional requirements for localities applying for State aid

44.50 Public health threat; determination

44.51 Public health threat; risk assessment and declaration

44.60 Standards for review and approval

44.61 State aid reimbursement; vector surveillance and control

44.70 Monitoring

44.80 Claiming State aid

44.90 State aid reimbursement amounts

Historical Note

Part (§§ 44.1/44.57) filed July 17, 1962: repealed, filed April 28, 1972: new (§§ 44.10/44.90) filed May 31, 1984: amd. Filed Aug. 4, 1992 eff. Aug. 19, 1992. Amended statutory authority.

§ 44.1-44.2

Historical Note

Secs. Filed July 17, 1962; repealed, filed April 28, 1972 eff. May 1, 1972.

§ 44.3

Historical Note

Sec. Filed July 17, 1962; amd. filed Feb. 21, 1963; repealed, filed April 28, 1972 eff. May 1, 1972.

§ 44.4-44.8

Historical Note

Secs. filed July 17, 1962; repealed, filed April 28, 1972 eff. May 1, 1972.

§ 44.9

Historical Note

Sec. Filed July 17, 1962; amd. filed Feb. 21, 1963; repealed, filed April 28, 1972 eff. May 1, 1972.

Effective Date: August 19, 1992

§ 44.10 Purpose.

Pursuant to Public Health Law, section 611, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) is authorized to pay State aid for approved vector surveillance and control programs. These rules and regulations are promulgated to define the conditions under which the NYSDOH will approve vector surveillance and control activities for State aid.

§ 44.11-44.12

Historical Note

Secs. filed July 17, 1962; repealed, filed April 28, 1972 eff. May 1, 1972.

§ 44.15-44.19

Historical Note

Secs. filed June 21, 1966; repealed, filed April 28, 1972 eff. May 1, 1972.

§ 44.20 Definitions.

For the purposes of these rules and regulations, the following definitions shall apply:

(a) Arthropod shall mean a member of the phylum Arthropoda, animals with jointed appendages.

(b) Presumptive human case shall mean the occurrence of one or more of the following:

(1) California Encephalitis: Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms plus serum titers consistent with the illness for example, HI >= 1:40f CF >= 1:8 or Neut >= 3 logs.

(2) Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE): CNS symptoms and single serum titers consistent with the illness, for example, HI >= 1:80, CF >= 1:16

(3) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: headache, fever, rash, history of tick exposure and positive serologies.

(4) St. Louis Encephalitis: CNS symptoms plus single serum titers consistent with the illness, for example, HI >= 1:80, CF >= 1:16.

(1) California Encephalitis: virus isolation and/or CNS symptoms plus four-fold or greater rise or fall in antibody titers.

(2) Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE): virus isolation and/or four-fold or greater rise or fall in antibody titers or 1.3 log rise or fall in neutralization index.

(3) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Rickettsial isolation and/or four-fold or greater rise in antibody titers.

(4) St. Louis Encephalitis: virus isolation and/or CNS symptoms plus four-fold or greater rise or fall in antibody titers.

Effective Date: August 19, 1992

(d) Clustering shall mean multiple human cases of disease which may be considered related to each other by proximity, source or simultaneity of occurrence.

(e) Control shall mean any measure taken to reduce or eliminate a vector arthropod species or related disease threat. Control measures may include water management, use of biological agents, chemical ground application, chemical air application, or any other method used to reduce or eliminate vector arthropods.

(f) Endemic shall mean the continued presence of a disease in an area, or the cyclic reintroduction of a disease into the same area.

(g) Epidemic shall mean the occurrence of recognizable disease or illness in the human or animal host outside the endemic area or an excess incidence of the disease beyond that usual in an endemic area.

(h) Etiologic agent shall mean the pathogen responsible for causing a disease or illness.

(i) Host shall mean a man or other living animal, including birds and arthropods, which affords subsistence or lodgement to an infectious agent under natural conditions.

(j) Reservoir shall mean a human, animal or arthropod in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies and on which it depends primarily for survival and serves as a source of infection for a susceptible host.

(k) Response protocols shall mean the procedure followed by the NYSDOH in response to a documented public health threat or emergency.

(1) Surveillance shall mean the epidemiologic study of a disease as a dynamic process involving the ecology of the infectious agent, the host, the reservoirs and the vectors as well as the complex mechanisms concerned in the spread of infections and the extent to which this spread occurs.

(m) Vector shall mean an arthropod species capable of carrying and transmitting a disease agent.

(n) Vector surveillance program shall mean the activities of any agency designed to accomplish any or all of the following:

(1) location of vector breeding areas;

(2) collection and identification of vector species;

Effective Date: August 19, 1992

(3) determination of vector population densities;

(4) determination of vector species distribution;

(5) determination of physiologic or chronologic age composition of vector population;

(6) submission of site specific groups of vector species for etiologic agent isolation attempts;

(7) assessment of the vector population to determine the effectiveness of control measures; and

(8) compilation of data generated by any or all of the above.

(o) Commissioner shall mean the Commissioner of the New York State Department of Health.

Historical Note

Sec. Filed June 21, 1966; repealed, filed April 28, 1972; new filed May 31, 1984; amd. filed Aug. 4, 1992 eff Aug. 19, 1992.

§ 44.30 Eligibility for State aid.

State aid shall be paid for approved vector surveillance and vector surveillance and control programs that:

(a) have been approved in advance of implementation by the commissioner or his designee and operated in accordance with that approval;

(b) have been conducted by county or part-county departments of health or county boards of health or municipal agencies which have been designated by the county or part-county health department or county board of health for vector surveillance or vector surveillance and control programs;

(c) have operated vector surveillance programs only or have had vector surveillance and vector control activities concurrently; and

(d) have been the subject of a determination of significance pursuant to the State Environmental Quality Review Act, Article 8 of the Environmental Conservation Law and the implementing regultions issued thereunder.

Historical Note

Sec filed May 31, 1984; amd. filed Aug. 4, 1992 eff. Aug. 19, 1992. Amended (b), (d).

§ 44.40 Procedure for applying for State aid.

Applications for State aid for vector surveillance and vector control activities shall be on a form prescribed by the commissioner and shall be accompanied by a detailed, proposed plan of activity which shall include the following:

Effective Date: August 19, 1992

(a) an historical and chronological review of arthropod-borne disease activity in the area with evidence of any substantive endemic disease which has occurred during the past decade and to include the number of human cases (confirmed and presumptive), clustering of human cases; and/or isolations of the agents from vector species as well as the presence of vectors with a potential risk to human health;

(b) a detailed description of the geographic area where vector populations have occurred previously or where they could occur; a map of the county identifying these risk areas must be included; and

methods by which vector populations.or areas will be monitored.

Historical Note

Sec. filed May 31, 1984 eff. May 31, 1984.

§ 44.41 Additional requirements for localities applying for State aid.

(a) Nonchemical control measures. Localities applying for nonchemical control of insect vectors must include in the plan a discussion of methods of habitat; modification and biological control in terms of feasibility, manpower, equipment and target species in conjunction with a comprehensive delineation of the target area and anticipated short and long-term benefits.

(b) Chemical control measures. Localities which anticipate a need for chemical control measures must submit detailed plans for such measures. Plans for pesticide application must discuss the target vector, its anticipated geographic location, manpower/equipment required, chemicals/application procedures, and pertinent safeguards which will be followed.

(1) Localities anticipating the submission of vector surveillance or vector surveillance and control activities should review the response protocols available from the New York State Department of Health.

(2) Approval of a vector control program for the purpose of State aid shall not relieve any locality of its obligation to comply with all applicable laws or regulations, including Article 8 of the Environmental Conservation Law and implementing regulations. Each application for State aid for vector control shall include a statement indicating the applicant's acknowledgement of the obligation.

(3) Counties shall submit proposals directly to the New York State Department of Health. Other municipalities shall submit plans through their respective counties. Plans must be submitted to the Department of Health by January 15th of the calendar year for which State aid will be requested. Exceptions to this deadline may be allowed by the State Department of Health if a public health threat occurs and/or in other compelling unanticipated circumstances.

Historical Note

Sec. filed May 31, 1984; amd. filed Aug. 4, 1992 eff. Aug. 19, 1992.

§ 44.42

Historical Note

Sec. filed May 31, 1984; repealed, filed Aug. 4, 1992 eff. Aug. 19, 1992.

§ 44.43

Historical Note

Sec. filed May 31, 1984, repealed, filed Aug. 4, 1992 eff. Aug. 19, 1992.

Effective Date: August 19, 1992

§ 44.50 Public health threat; determination.

(a) Public health threat of an arthropod vector-borne disease based on historical risk shall be determined by the documentation of a public health threat as described in subdivision (b) of this section, once in the previous three years, or two or more times in the previous ten years, and by a finding, based upon the risk assessment considerations set forth in section 44.51 of this Part, that current conditions pose a substantial risk to human health.

(b) A public health threat of an arthropod vector-borne disease based on current activity shall be determined by the presence of human vector-borne disease or the presence of disease-specific etiologic agents in a known or suspected vector as specified below, and substantiated by information required by the risk assessment activities described in section 44.51.

(1) The presence of human vector-borne disease includes, but is not limited to:

(i) a single human or equine case of EEE;

(ii) a single human case of St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE); or

(iii) epidemiologic evidence of clustering of human cases of:

(a) California Encephalitis (CE);

(b) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF);

(c)Lyme disease;

(d) Babesiosis; or

(e) The occurrence of indigenous cases of other arthropod-borne etiologic agents which include, but are not limited to:

(1) dog heartworm;

(2) malaria;

(3) tularemia;

(4) powassan; or

(5) dengue.

Effective Date: August 19, 1992

(2) The presence of disease specific etiologic agents in a known or suspected vector includes, but is not limited to:

(i) isolation of EEE virus or SLE virus from mosquitoes or an avian host;

(ii) demonstration of vector infectivity rates in excess of 5% in known or suspected tick vectors of the rickettsia of the spotted fever group, or in excess of 30% in known or suspected tick vectors of the Lyme disease spirochete in association with documented human cases;

(iii) site specific, multiple isolations of the related alpha virus, the Highlands J (HJ) virus, from known or suspected mosquito vectors, indicative of potential EEE virus activity;

(iv) demonstration of an imminent potential for the transfer of the etiologic agent from the endemic cycle to the epidemic disease cycle, including but not limited to:

(a) the demonstration of a significant rise in antibody levels or significant IgM antibody levels in avian hosts of EEE virus or SLE virus during the recognized period of disease activity; or

(b) the demonstration of high levels of parasitemia (>20%) in the mammalian reservoirs for human babesia; or

(c) in the case of established clustering of human cases of dog heartworm, malaria, powassan, dengue or tularemia, the demonstration of infective forms or etiologic agent isolation from known or suspected arthropod vectors.

Historical Note

Sec. filed July 17, 1962; repealed, new filed March 15, 1966; repealed, filed April 28, 1972; new filed May 31, 1984; repealed, new filed Aug. 4, 1992 eff Aug. 19, 1992.

§ 44.51 Public health threat; risk assessment and declaration.

(a) In evaluating the existence of a public health threat, the commissioner shall assess the risk to human health by taking into account the etiologic agent, the vector species, the size of the specific and secondary vector populations, the vectors physiological age, density and proximity of human population, the time of year and weather conditions.

(b) When a locality believes that an arthropod-borne disease should be designated as a public health threat, localities should document the information and immediately notify the county health commissioner or responsible regional health director who shall information the commissioner. The person notifying the Commissioner of Health shall also send a copy of the notification to the Commissioner of Environmental Conservation.

Historical Note

Sec. filed July 17, 1962; repealed, new filed March 15, 1966; repealed, filed April 28, 1972; new filed Aug. 4, 1992 eff. Aug. 19, 1992.

§ 44.52-44.57

Historical Notes

Secs. filed July 17, 1962; repealed, new filed March 15, 1966; repealed, filed April 28, 1972 eff. May 1, 1972.

§ 44.58

Historical Note

Sec. filed March 15, 1966; repealed, filed April 28, 1972 eff. May 1, 1972.

Effective Date: August 19, 1992

§ 44.60 Standards for review and approval.

(a) State aid applications for vector control activities in the absence of a concurrent arthropod vector surveillance program shall not be approved. However, there will be State aid for vector surveillance programs in the absence of control activities where the surveillance activities are directed to the detection of arthropod vector-borne diseases which may constitute a public health threat.

(b) Plans for surveillance activities must be described within the State aid application for vector surveillance (form DOH 0627-2377) and be approved in advance by the designee of the commissioner.

(c)Localities implementing nonchemical control measures should take steps that do not create any risks to public health, that minimize any risks to the environment, that can be accomplished in a cost effective manner, and produce long-term benefits to the community by permanent vector control. Each control effort must be approved by the designee of the commissioner.

(d) Requests for state aid reimbursement for pesticide spray application for vector control shall meet the following requirements:

(1) Pesticide spray applications conducted by the municipality must be in response to a public health threat determined pursuant to section 44.50 of this Part.

(2) Reserved.

(3) When pesticide control measures are found necessary, ground application of pesticides shall be the preferred method of control. No aerial pesticide application shall be approved for State aid reimbursement except under conditions involving specific arboviruses such as Eastern Equine Encephalitis or St. Louis Encephalitis and the commissioner concludes, because of the inaccessibility of the target areas by land, that aerial spraying is the only practical way in which vector control activities can be carried out. The department, in its review of each application, will consider physiography, accessibility to the area where the vector is located, rapidity of response required as determined by the seriousness of the public health threat, and the likelihood that vectors in nearby areas not subject to control measures will migrate from the area if not subject to control.

(4) If a public health threat warranting control measures is found to exist, control measures must be limited to the immediate area where the vector population has been determined to exist through vector surveillance and may include adjacent areas considered at risk for imminent disease transmissions as documented through vector surveillance activities.

Effective Date: August 19, 1992

(5) The pesticides to be applied and the manner of application must be approved on a timely basis in advance of use by the department and must be conditionally approved by the Department of Environmental Conservation subject to a further timely review and opportunity, pursuant to paragraph (8) of subdivision (d) of this section, for the Department of Environmental Conservation to request a modification of an order of the Commissioner of Health declaring a public health threat. Such approval will be based upon, among other things, an assessment of effectiveness of the proposed pesticides applied to control the vector in the target area including pesticide type and timing in the vector's life cycle, the potential impact of the pesticide on people and the potential adverse ecosystem effects on any proposed pesticide based on its toxicity, persistence and target organism specificity, and potential for non-target impacts.

(6) Sources for public water supplies will not be subjected to direct pesticide applications nor to the direct pesticide applications nor to the drift of such activities. Surface water shall not be subjected to mosquito larvicide application without NYSDEC aquatic pesticide permit, when required, and any such application shall comply with the label restrictions of the pesticide used.

(7) Under conditions of a current public health threat as declared by the commissioner, the applicant shall announce to the general public, via the print and broadcast news media, the use of vector control activities in the target area at least 24 hours in advance of such use. The time period for advance notice may be shortened by the commissioner or designee in the event that 24-hour advance notice is not possible or that delay would endanger the public health. Vector control activities taken under conditions supported only by historical evidence shall be announced similarly to the general public at least 72 hours in advance of such activities.

(8) The Commissioner of Environmental Conservation shall have an opportunity to consult with the Commissioner of Health and request such modification of orders declaring public health threats as are deemed necessary to implement the purposes of the Environmental Conservation Law.

Historical Note

Sec. filed May 31, 1984; amd. filed Aug. 4, 1992 eff. Aug. 19, 1992.

§ 44.61 State aid reimbursement; vector surveillance and control.

The municipality must document within the state aid application, as a precondition for reimbursable vector surveillance and control (form DOH-0627-2378), conditions supporting a public health threat.

Historical Note

Sec. filed Aug. 4, 1992 eff. Aug. 19, 1992.

§ 44.70 Monitoring.

(a) Localities receiving State aid for vector surveillance and/or control will be subject to unannounced, onsite monitoring by New York State Department of Health personnel. Localities applying pesticide will be monitored more actively than those areas only engaging in surveillance.

(b) Localities conducting vector control activities shall provide to the department information used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of each control activity. Such information shall be submitted to the department as part of the locality's monthly report in the format described in the response protocols.

Historical Note

Sec. filed Oct. 19, 1971; repealed, filed April 28, 1972; new filed May 31, 1984; amd. filed Aug. 4, 1992 eff. Aug. 19, 1992.

§ 44.71-44.77

Historical Note

Secs. filed Oct. 19, 1971; repealed, filed April 28, 1972 eff. May 1, 1972.

Effective Date: August 19, 1992

§ 44.80 Claiming State aid.

Counties with State aid applications approved in advance of implementation shall submit vouchers for vector surveillance and/or vector control activities through the same procedure and at the same rate as State aid for general public health work, pursuant to Part 39 of this Title.

Historical Note

Sec. filed May 31, 1984 eff. May 31, 1984.

§ 44.90 State aid reimbursement amounts.

Under emergency situations, the department shall reimburse counties or municipalities for 50 percent of the cost for emergency vector control measures as approved by the department.

Emergency funds will only be available after the county or municipality has expended all other forms of State aid for vector surveillance and vector control programs.

Historical Note

Sec. filed May 31, 1984 eff. May 31, 1984.

New York State Department of Health Contacts
Dr. Dennis J. White, M.S., Ph.D., Director

Arthropod-Borne Disease Program
New York State Department of Health
Room 621, Tower Bldg., ESP
Albany, NY 12237
Telephone: (518) 474-4568
FAX: (518) 473-6590
Email: djw11@health.state.ny.us

Dr. John J. Howard, M.P.H., Dr. P.H.

Arbovirus Surveillance Coordinator
Arthropod-Borne Disease Program
New York State Department of Health
Room 133 Illick Hall
SUNY-College ESF
Syracuse, NY 13210
Telephone: (315) 470-6756
FAX: (315) 470-6934
Email: johoward@mailbox.syr.edu

Mr. Robert Means, M.S., Research Scientist

Arthropod-Borne Disease Program
New York State Department of Health
Griffin Lab, Building 12
Wadsworth Centers for Laboratories and Research
5668 State Farm Road
Slingerlands, NY 12159
Telephone: (518) 869-4544
FAX: (518) 869-4543
Email: raincorner@aol.com

Dr. Jack Berlin, M.S., Ph.D., Research Scientist

Arthropod-Borne Disease Program
New York State Department of Health
584 Delaware Avenue
Buffalo, NY
Telephone: (716) 847-4500
FAX: (716) 847-4333
Email: jab12@health.state.ny.us or berlinja@buffalostate.edu

New York State Department of Health Contacts
Dr. JoAnne Oliver, M.S., Ph.D., Research Scientist

Arthropod-Borne Disease Program
New York State Department of Health
Room 133 Illick Hall
SUNY-College ESF
Syracuse, NY 13210
Telephone: (315) 470-4810
FAX: (315) 470-6934
Email: joliver@mailbox.syr.edu

Dr. Leo Grady, Chief

Virology Diagnostic Services & Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases
Griffin Laboratory
Wadsworth Centers for Laboratories and Research
5668 State Farm Road
Slingerlands, NY 12159
Telephone: (518) 869-4550
FAX: (518) 869-6487
Email: grady@wadsworth.org

Dr. Cinnia Huang

Mosquito Surveillance Supplies

List of recommended items to aid in adult collection and sorting

Miniature light traps
CDC gravid traps
Water jug (for above)
Dry dog food and/or dry rabbit food
Trap site collection cup labels
D-cell batteries (4 per trap)
Dry ice (3 lb., softball size, chunk per trap)
Dry ice gloves
Insulated dry ice storage chest
Bow saw
Hammer
Forceps
Permanent marker
Ink pen
Lab data sheets
White paper
Tally meters
Beaded specimen tubes and tube racks
Laboratory accession pre-numbered tube labels
Mechanical aspirators
Spare flashlight bulbs
Strapping tape
Nylon cord
Insulated shipping containers
Maintenance kit for traps

Maintenance Kit for Traps.A spare parts kit should always accompany personnel when setting and retrieving traps. The kit should contain at least 4 D-cell batteries, flashlight bulbs, nylon cord, scissors, duct tape, blank paper or index cards (used to identify collection cups with site names if necessary), and a pencil.

Mosquito Collection Tools

CDC miniature light traps – collects host-seeking females.
ABC traps – collects host-seeking females.
Gravid traps – collects blooded, gravid females.
DRBs – collects males, blooded/gravid females, and non-blooded/gravid females.
Mechanical aspirators – collects fed or unfed adults from resting locations.
Dipper – collects immature mosquitoes (standard 3’ handle or telescoping 67" handle).
Aquatic pipette – transfers immature mosquitoes between containers.
Flashlight – to aid visualizing egg rafts, immature and adult mosquitoes in storm drains or other dark, aquatic environments.

New York State Department of Health
Arthropod-borne Disease Program

Inventory for Mosquito Collection Kit

New standard miniature light traps
CDC Gravid traps
D-cell alkaline batteries
Dry ice chest, 5 cu. ft., 28x19 1/8 x25 1/4"
Dippers
Dipper extension handles
Larval rearing trays
Aquatic pipettes
Tally meters
Mosquito breeding container
Forceps
Spare flashlight bulbs
Beaded specimen tubes
Racks for beaded tubes
Disposable Petri dishes (2 sizes)
Disposable Snap-cap tubes
Specimen tube pre-numbered labels
Mosquitoes/Tissues Field Collection form (DOH-2061)
Miniature Light Trap Collection form (ABDP-0621-002)
Mosquito Larval Breeding Site Survey form (ABDP-0621-001/001A)
Gravid Trap and Egg Raft Collection form (ABDP-0621-004)
Rabbit food (dry)
Dog food (dry)

NYSDOH Mosquito Surveillance Guidelines

Mosquitoes of New York by Robert G. Means, 2 volume set

During the spring of 2000, The NYSDOH, ABDP will offer training in mosquito surveillance and identification to local health unit (LHU) and agency staff. The training will be offered during two phases and will encompass both immature and adult mosquito surveillance activities. Following completion of Phase One, each LHU will receive a WNV mosquito surveillance kit containing supplies and equipment used for mosquito surveillance. The kit contents are inventoried with the LHU representative to ensure all items listed are present. Adjustments can be made depending on LHU needs. The representative signs for possession of the kit including an agreement to return the kit (except for expendables) when requested to do so by the NYSDOH. The LHU representative receives a copy of the inventory list and the ABDP retains the signed agreement. Damaged traps should be returned to the ABDP for repair as soon as the damage is noticed. Replacement traps will be issued if available. The LHU is responsible for the replacement of equipment that is damaged, lost, or stolen.

Suppliers of Mosquito Collection Products

The following is an incomplete listing of suppliersof mosquito surveillance and maintenance products¹.

BioQuip Products 17803 LaSalle Avenue Gardena, CA 90248-3602 Telephone: (310) 324-0620 FAX: (310) 324-7931 E-mail: bioquip@aol.com	Clarke Mosquito Control Products, Inc. 159 N. Garden Ave. P.O. Box 72197 Roselle, IL 60172 Telephone: (800) 323-5727 FAX: (800) 832-9344 E-mail: clarke@cmosquito.com http://www.cmosquito.com
Hausherr’s Machine Works 1186 Old Freehold Road Tom’s River, NJ 08753 Telephone: (732)-349-1319 FAX: (732) 286-4919 E-mail: none Web address: none	John W. Hock Company P.O. Box 12852 Gainesville, FL 32604 Telephone: (352) 378-3209 FAX: (352) 372-1838 E-mail: jwhock@acceleration.net http://www.acceleration.net/jwhock

^{1The listing of a supplier or the naming of a product does not constitute endorsement by the NYSDOH.
Sets (2 volumes) of Mosquitoes of New York by Robert G. Means can be purchased for $12/set from the New York State Museum (Albany). Request Bulletin No. 430a for Part I. The genera Aedes Meigen with identification keys to genera of Culicidae, and Bulletin No. 430b for Part II. Genera of Culicidae other than Aedes occurring in New York. These publications can be purchased from:
The University of the State of New York

The State Education Department

State Science Service, New York State Museum

Albany, NY 12230

Description of Immature and Adult Mosquito Surveillance Forms
Mosquito Breeding Survey Form (ABDP-0621-001). The Mosquito Larval Breeding Form is a one-page form. Included is space for a site description and codes for 6 major categories and a number of choices in each category. The surveyor circles the number or writes out the description under each category. Generally, only one choice should be listed for each category, but it is possible that multiple choices may be required. In completing the form, it is better to be more inclusive than to exclude a pertinent piece of information.
Weekly Miniature Light Trap Collection Form (ABDP-0621-002). The Weekly Miniature Light Trap Form is to be used to record daily adult female species collected for each trap site per night of collections from New Standard Miniature Light Traps. The form lists species most likely to be collected in New York State and allows space for other species encountered. The NYSDOH ABDP suggests that each site be trapped twice per week, but this form accommodates up to 4 collection dates per week. There is a column for total mosquitoes collected per site per week which is then used in completion of the Weekly Summary form (ABDP-0621-003)
CDC Gravid Trap and Egg Raft Collection Form (ABDP-0621-004). The CDC Gravid Trap has been demonstrated to be highly successful in collecting Culex vectors of St. Louis Encephalitis. While selective for the species collected, it has the advantage that it will collect gravid females. The form ABDP-0621-004 is to be used to record collections from the CDC Gravid Trap. Collections from gravid traps largely represent mosquitoes that have previously taken a blood meal. Collections from gravid traps are pooled separately from collections made from miniature light traps, even if the two trap methods are used at the same site.
Mosquito/Tissue Lab Submission Form (DOH-2061) is being modified and is not yet available.

DRAFT
New York State Department of Health
Mosquito Larval Breeding Site Survey

County: _______________________
Town: __________________________
City/Village: ___________________
Site: ___________________________
Location: ______________________
USGS Quadrant: Name ___________________ LAT: _____________ LON: ____________
GIS Coordinates: LAT: ________________________ LON:_________________________
Inspection by: __________________________
Date: ___________________
Mosquito Breeding

Observed
Yes
No

Larvae Present

Pupae Present

Eggs Present

Number of larvae/dip:

Species: _____________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________

Site Description*

Size of area:

Depth of Water:
Water Temperature:

Remediation-Control Options*

Biological Control:
Water Management:

Chemical Control:

Spray Hazards:

*See reverse. Use more than one numerical code per category if necessary
Re-inspection by: _________________ Date: _____________
Number of larvae/dip:

Remediation-Control Conducted: Yes No Method:_________________ Date:____________
NOTES:__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
FORM: ABDP-0621-001
DRAFT

New York State Department of Health
Code Sheet for Mosquito Breeding Site Survey

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Business or Industrial
Urban
Suburban
Farm
Natural or Undeveloped
Park or Recreational
County, City, or Town Property
State or Federal Property
Other (describe)

HABITAT TYPE
Salt Marsh
Fresh Water Marsh, Swamp, or Bog
Large Pond, Lake, or Ornamental Pond
Small Pond, Pit, or Hole (TH=tree hole)
Margin of Flowing Stream
Ditch or Sluggish Stream
Lg. Artificial Container (tank, boat, pool, etc)
Sm. Artificial Container (tire, drum, barrel, etc)
Other (describe or list)

PERMANENCE OF HABITAT
Permanent – wetland, marsh, swamp
Winter-Spring Pond
Semi-permanent (water present more than 8 days after heavy rain)
Transient or Temporary (water present less than 8 days after heavy rain)
Stagnant, Land locked pond
Mostly standing but with outlet, overflow, or movement
Flowing Stream
Tidal
Other (describe)

HABITAT CONDITION
*Use + or – for amount*
Open water – no vegetation and bare shoreline
Water polluted (oil, sewage, gas bubbles, film)
Solid trash or debris in water (tires, cans, etc)
Water clean or nearly so
Woodland pool (no vegetation)
Vegetation present
Emergent Vegetation
(CT-cattails, PH=phragmites)
Floating Vegetation
Much Marginal Vegetation
10. Other (describe)

REMEDIATION – CONTROL OPTIONS
Environmental Sanitation
Eliminate or Clean
Filling or Grading
Water Management
Impounding
Vegetation Removal
Fish, Amphibians or Predaceous Arthropods Present
Establish or Introduce possible biological control agents

CHEMICAL CONTROL
Application of larvicides possible
Accessible by truck
Accessible by air only
Application of adulticides
No application of pesticides
Water supply reservoir
Swimming area
Wetland
Threatened or endangered species present
Prohibited by owner or state/federal property
11. Other (describe)

DRAFT
Miniature Light Trap Collection Form

Municipality: Area: __________________

Site: _________ Year: 20 Month: __________________

Number of Females Per Collection Date
Collection Dates
Total Females Per Week

Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4

Ae. abserratus-punctor (ABP)

Ae. canadensis CAN)

Ae. cantator (CTT)

Ae. cinereus (CIN)

Ae. communis gr. (CGR)

Ae. dorsalis (DOR)

Ae. japonicus (JAP)

Ae. sollicitans (SOL)

Ae. sticticus (STC)

Ae. stimulans gr. (SEF)

Ae. taeniorhynchus (TAE)

Ae. triseriatus (TRI)

Ae. trivittatus (TVT)

Ae. vexans (VEX)

Ae. ____________

Ae. ____________

An. punctipennis (PUN)

An. quadrimaculatus (QUA)

An. walkeri (WAK)

An. ____________

Cq. perturbans (PER)

Cx. pipiens (PIP)

Cx. restuans (RES)

Cx. pipiens-restuans (PRE)

Cx. salinarius (SAL)

Cx. territans (TER)

Cx. ___________

Cs. melanura (MEL)

Cs. morsitans (MOR)

Cs. ___________

Ur. sapphirina (USA)

TOTAL

FORM: ABDP-0621-002

DRAFT
Summary of Miniature Light Trap Collections

Municipality:___________ Area: ______________________

Collection dates: From:__________ To: __________

Genus species Name (Code)
Total Collected
Number of Trap-nights
Average per Trap-night

Ae. abserratus-punctor (ABP)

Ae. aurifer (AUR)

Ae. canadensis CAN)

Ae. cantator (CTT)

Ae. cinereus (CIN)

Ae. communis gr. (CGR)

Ae. dorsalis (DOR)

Ae. japonicus (JAP)

Ae. sollicitans (SOL)

Ae. sticticus (STC)

Ae. stimulans gr. (SEF)

Ae. taeniorhynchus (TAE)

Ae. triseriatus (TRI)

Ae. trivittatus (TVT)

Ae. vexans (VEX)

Ae. ____________

Ae. ____________

An. punctipennis (PUN)

An. quadrimaculatus (QUA)

An. walkeri (WAK)

An. ____________

Cq. perturbans (PER)

Cx. pipiens (PIP)

Cx. restuans (RES)

Cx. pipiens-restuans (PRE)

Cx. salinarius (SAL)

Cx. territans (TER)

Cx. ___________

Cs. melanura (MEL)

Cs. morsitans (MOR)

Cs. ___________

Ps. ___________

Ur. sapphirina (USA)

TOTAL

FORM: ABDP-0621-003

DRAFT
CDC Gravid Trap and Egg Raft Collection Form

County:____________________ Site:_________________________
Date:____________ Area:________________________

Species
Number of
Parity
Number of

NB
BG
Male
N
P
%P
Egg Rafts
Larvae

PIP

RES

SAL

PRE

Date:____________

Species
Number of
Parity
Number of

NB
BG
Male
N
P
%P
Egg Rafts
Larvae

PIP

RES

SAL

PRE

Date:____________

Species
Number of
Parity
Number of

NB
BG
Male
N
P
%P
Egg Rafts
Larvae

PIP

RES

SAL

PRE

FORM: ABDP-0621-004

DRAFT
Summary of Mosquito Pool Submissions Form
County Name: ___________________ County Code: ______
Date to Laboratory: ____________
Accession Numbers: From: ____________ To: ____________
Collection Dates: From: ____________ To: ____________
Number of Traps: _____ Total Number of Trap Nights: _____

Species Code
Number of
Accession Number
Results

Pools
Specimens
From
To

Total

NOTES/COMMENTS: ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

FORM: ABDP-0621-005

New York State
Municipality 2-digit Code Designations

County
Code
County
Code

Albany
01
Ontario
34

Allegany
02
Orange
35

Broome
03
Orleans
36

Cattaraugus
04
Oswego
37

Cayuga
05
Otsego
38

Chautaugua
06
Putnam
39

Chemung
07
Rensselaer
41

Chenango
08
Rockland
43

Clinton
09
St. Lawrence
44

Columbia
10
Saratoga
45

Cortland
11
Schenectady
46

Delaware
12
Schohaire
47

Dutchess
13
Schuyler
48

Erie
14
Seneca
49

Essex
15
Steuben
50

Franklin
16
Suffolk
51

Fulton
17
Sullivan
52

Genesee
18
Tioga
53

Greene
19
Tompkins
54

Hamilton
20
Ulster
55

Herkimer
21
Warren
56

Jefferson
22
Washington
57

Lewis
24
Wayne
58

Livingston
25
Westchester
59

Madison
26
Wyoming
60

Monroe
27
Yates
61

Montgomery
28
Manhattan
93

Nassau
29
Bronx
94

Niagara
31
Kings (Brooklyn)
95

Oneida
32
Queens
96

Onondaga
33
Richmond
97

MOSQUITO SPECIES CODES
Alphabetized by Species Name

Aedes

Ae. abserratus
ABS

Ae. abserratus-punctor
ABP

Ae. atlanticus
ATL

Ae. atropalpus
ATR

Ae. aurifer
AUR

Ae. canadensis
CAN

Ae. cantator
CTT

Ae. cinereus
CIN

Ae. communis group
CGR

Ae. communis s.s.
COM

Ae. diantaeus
DIA

Ae. dorsalis
DOR

Ae. excrucians
EXC

Ae. fitchii
FIT

Ae. flavescens
FLA

Ae. grossbecki
GRO

Ae. hendersoni
HEN

Ae. impiger
IMP

Ae. intrudens
INT

Ae. japonicus
JAP

Ae. mitchellae
MIT

Ae. punctor
PTO

Ae. riparius
RIP

Ae. sollicitans
SOL

Ae. spencerii
SPN

Ae. sticticus
STC

Ae. stimulans group
SEF

Ae. stimulans s.s.
STI

Ae. taeniorhynchus
TAE

Ae. trichurus
TCH

Ae. triseriatus
TRI

Ae. trivittatus
TVT

Ae. vexans
VEX

Anopheles

An. barberi
BAR

An. bradleyi
BRD

An. crucians
CRU

An. earlei
EAR

An. punctipennis
PUN

An. quadrimaculatus
QUA

An. walkeri
WAK

Coquillettidia

Cq. perturbans
PER

Culex

Cx. pipiens
PIP

Cx. pipiens-restuans
PRE

Cx. restuans
RES

Cx. salinarius
SAL

Cx. territans
TER

Culiseta

Cs. impatiens
IPT

Cs. inornata
INO

Cs. melanura
MEL

Cs. morsitans
MOR

Orthopodomyia

O. alba
OAL

O. signifera
SIG

Psorophora

Ps. ciliata
PCI

Ps. confinnis
PCO

Ps. ferox
PFR

Ps. varipes
PVA

Toxorhynchites rutilus
TOX

Uranotaenia sapphirina
USA

Wyeomyia smithii
WYS

MOSQUITO SPECIES CODES
Alphabetized by Species Code

ABP
-
Aedes abserratus-punctor

ABS
-
Aedes abserratus

ATL
-
Aedes atlanticus

ATR
-
Aedes atropalpus

AUR
-
Aedes aurifer

BAR
-
Anopheles barberi

BRD
-
Anopheles bradleyi

CAN
-
Aedes canadensis

CGR
-
Aedes communis group

CIN
-
Aedes cinereus

COM
-
Aedes communis s.s.

CRU
-
Anopheles crucians

CTT
-
Aedes cantator

DIA
-
Aedes diantaeus

DOR
-
Aedes dorsalis

EAR
-
Anopheles earlei

EXC
-
Aedes excrucians

FIT
-
Aedes fitchii

FLA
-
Aedes flavescens

GRO
-
Aedes grossbecki

HEN
-
Aedes hendersoni

IMP
-
Aedes impiger

IPT
-
Culiseta impatiens

JAP
-
Aedes japonicus

MEL
-
Culiseta melanura

MIT
-
Aedes mitchellae

MOR
-
Culiseta moristans

OAL
-
Orthopodomyia alba

PCI
-
Psorophora ciliata

PCO
-
Psorophora confinnis

PER
-
Coquillettidia perturbans

PFR
-
Psorophora ferox

PIP
-
Culex pipiens

PRE
-
Culex pipiens-restuans

PTO
-
Aedes punctor

PUN
-
Anopheles punctipennis

PVA
-
Psorophora varipes

QUA
-
Anopheles quadrimaculatus

RES
-
Culex restuans

RIP
-
Aedes riparius

SAL
-
Culex salinarius

SEF
-
Aedes stimulans group

SIG
-
Orthopodomyia signifera

SOL
-
Aedes sollicitans

SPN
-
Aedes sticticus

STI
-
Aedes stimulans

TAE
-
Aedes taeniorhynchus

TCH
-
Aedes trichurus

TER
-
Culex territans

TOX
-
Toxorhynchites rutilus

TRI
-
Aedes triseriatus

TVT
-
Aedes trivittatus

USA
-
Uranotaenia sapphirina

VEX
-
Aedes vexans

WAK
-
Anopheles walkeri

WYS
-
Wyeomia smithii

DRAFT Notification of EEE threat to Veterinarians

Room 133 Illick Hall, SUNY College ESF
One Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210-2788
Tel: 315/470-6756
(DATE)
Dear Central New York Veterinarian: RE: Equine Encephalitis, West Nile virus, Rabies
This letter is to inform you that our EEE surveillance program will continue in (YEAR) and to seek your continued cooperation in collecting specimens and notifying us of any suspected cases of equine EEE. Your assistance was invaluable in documenting these outbreaks in the past.
In previous letters, we have requested that you collect blood and tissue specimens from suspect cases. In light of the current rabies outbreak and to limit potential exposure, we are instituting NEW procedures for the handling of specimens. Brain specimens from suspect equine cases will NOT be tested for EEE virus unless declared rabies negative. Thus, if you encounter a clinical case of equine encephalitis you should obtain specimens of the cerebellum and brain stem for rabies testing. These specimens should be shipped directly to the New York State Department of Health Rabies Laboratory according to directions and in containers supplied by your County Health Department. When testing is complete the rabies Laboratory will pass the specimens to the EEE Laboratory if negative for rabies.
If the clinical diagnosis is consistent with EEE, you might want to consider obtaining a blood specimen for serological testing. Should you encounter a suspect case of EEE and submit brain specimens to Albany and/or take a blood specimen, please contact me so that I will be aware of the case location and submission of specimens. I can be reached weekdays from 8:00 am to 4:30 pm at my office 315/47—6756 or after hours at 315/492-4742. For questions concerning rabies, contact Mr. Charles Trimarchi during day time hours at 518/869-4527 or after hours at 518/421-7458. In the event we cannot be contacted, please call the State Health Department duty officer at 1-866-881-2809 for assistance any time of the day or night, seven days a week. I look forward to your continued participation in the EEE and WNV surveillance program in 2000. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely Yours,
John J. Howard, M.P.H., Dr. P.H.
Research Scientist IV

JOHN W. HOCK COMPANY
Insect Sampling Devices
P.O. Box 12852, Gainesville, FL 32604
(352) 378-3209, FAX (352) 372-1838, InterNet jw-hock@acceleration.net
Web Site http://www.acceleration.net/jwhock

Background
The CDC Gravid Trap was designed by Dr. Paul Reiter of the Centers for Disease Control, Division of Vector-Borne Disease for the selective capture of gravid Culex mosquitoes. By limiting captures to this class of females, problems associated with calculation of minimum virus infection rates were reduced. The trap attracts females by means of an oviposition medium contained in a pan below the trap. The trap operates by creating an upward current of air from within the confines of the pan, so that the mosquitoes are blown into the collection bag during their pre oviposition examination of the oviposition medium.
Operational Details

Trap set up and use. 1) Simply attach the pair of aluminum supports to the body of the unit just below the larger section with the battery holders as seen in the figure on the right using the 6"- long, 1/4"-20 stainless steel bolts and nuts). Rotate the trap body so that the battery holders are above the aluminum supports (as seen in the illustration) to provide some protection to the battery holders when the trap is in transit. Once at the trapping location, 2) place the blue pan on a level surface where the trap will be run during the night and add 0.5 gal (or 2 liters) of the oviposition medium described below. 3) Insert the D-cell alkaline batteries; the red marks (shown above) in the battery holders indicate the position of the positive (+) end of the battery. Check to see that the fan is running and you can feel a gentle air flow upwards out of the end with the 2 holes. 4) Place the running unit onto the pan as shown. The intake end of the trap should be approximately 1-1.5" above the level of the oviposition media. 5) Finally, install the 2-ring collection bag as shown in the first illustration.
The oviposition attractant and site selection. The hay infusion is made by adding 1 lb. (0.5 kg) of hay and 1 oz. (5 gm) each of dried brewer's yeast and lactalbumen powder to 30 gal. (114 liters) of tap water, and allowing the infusion to incubate for 5 days. The trap is placed at the desired collection site at least 1 hour before sunset. Captured mosquitoes are removed early the following morning to ensure maximum survival of the insects and any virus that may by present; there is a shoe string attached to the neck of the bag that can be used to tie off the collection bag. New medium is used each night.
Electrical Requirements
Voltage, current, batteries, and run times. The CDC Gravid Trap - Model 1712 requires ca. 0.125 mAmp per hour to operate at 6.0 - 6.3 VDC. Four D-size flashlight batteries (preferably alkaline) in series will provide power for several nights' of operation
Useful References
Reiter, Paul. 1983. A portable, battery-powered trap for collecting gravid Culex mosquitoes. Mosquito News 43:496-498.
Service, M. W. 1977. Mosquito Ecology - Field Sampling Methods. John Wiley and Sons. New York.
1712.ins March 15, 2000

JOHN W. HOCK COMPANY
Insect Sampling Devices
P.O. Box 12852, Gainesville, FL 32604
(352) 378-3209, FAX (352) 372-1838, InterNet jw-hock@acceleration.net
Web Site http://www.acceleration.net/jwhock
New Standard Miniature Light Trap
Instructions for Operation

Initial setup-

Fill the blue container with dry ice.
Tie the blue dry ice container to a tree branch or other support. The bottom of the container should be 4-6 feet above the ground.

Insert batteries-

Insert D-cell batteries, red dots are for + of battery. Do not mix used and new batteries. If the fan starts, let it run until after attaching the collection cup.

Attach the trap to the dry ice container-

The brass snap connector attaches to the ring on the top of the trap.

Attach the collection cup to the bottom of the trap-

If the fan started when you put in batteries, pry one of the battery holder terminals away from one of the batteries until the fan stops.

Following morning-

Remove collection bag downwards and tie off neck of bag.

Important Notice- The batteries are heavy. Leaving them in the trap while transporting the trap in your truck can damage the plastic. Always remove the batteries before moving your trap.
This trap (Model 1012) requires 380 mAmps per hour to operate at 6.0-6.3 volts DC using the CM-44 bulb. Four D-size flashlight alkaline batteries will provide power for several night's operation. However, each night the trap's motor will run a little slower and the light will be a bit dimmer and give off a more yellowish light.
Photoswitch operation is simple allowing the trap to be configured in several ways. The table below gives the setting and functions. Access to the circuit is by screwing off the black rainshield cover- holding the it in one hand, use the other hand to screw the trap body counter-clockwise to remove and clockwise to reassemble.

Switch number
Functionality

1
2
3

Open
Open
Open
Fan and light always on; operation independent of light levels.

Open
Open
Closed
Fan always on, light switches on at dusk and then off again at dawn.

Open
Closed
Closed
Fan and light both switch on at dusk and off at dawn; insects would be lost if trap is not services before dawn.

Closed
Closed
Closed
Fan and light both switch on at dusk; the following morning, the light goes off and the fan continues, saving the catch.
Recommended setting and shown in the figure below.

The photoswitch circuit has a red rocker switch that allows you to select the type of operation you want. Pressing the 3 white switches down in back (as shown) makes the fan and light start in the evening and then shuts off the light in the morning to save battery power. The motor remains running to keep the mosquitoes down in the collection cup. If you press all switches down in front (opposite of what is shown) the trap (both light and fan) will always be on when connected to power- light levels would not matter.
DOH 0627-2377 2/97

Revised: May 2000}

New York State Department of Health Code Sheet for Mosquito Breeding Site Survey
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Business or Industrial Urban Suburban Farm Natural or Undeveloped Park or Recreational County, City, or Town Property State or Federal Property Other (describe)	HABITAT TYPE Salt Marsh Fresh Water Marsh, Swamp, or Bog Large Pond, Lake, or Ornamental Pond Small Pond, Pit, or Hole (TH=tree hole) Margin of Flowing Stream Ditch or Sluggish Stream Lg. Artificial Container (tank, boat, pool, etc) Sm. Artificial Container (tire, drum, barrel, etc) Other (describe or list)

PERMANENCE OF HABITAT Permanent – wetland, marsh, swamp Winter-Spring Pond Semi-permanent (water present more than 8 days after heavy rain) Transient or Temporary (water present less than 8 days after heavy rain) Stagnant, Land locked pond Mostly standing but with outlet, overflow, or movement Flowing Stream Tidal Other (describe)	HABITAT CONDITION Use + or – for amount Open water – no vegetation and bare shoreline Water polluted (oil, sewage, gas bubbles, film) Solid trash or debris in water (tires, cans, etc) Water clean or nearly so Woodland pool (no vegetation) Vegetation present Emergent Vegetation (CT-cattails, PH=phragmites) Floating Vegetation Much Marginal Vegetation 10. Other (describe)

REMEDIATION – CONTROL OPTIONS Environmental Sanitation Eliminate or Clean Filling or Grading Water Management Impounding Vegetation Removal Fish, Amphibians or Predaceous Arthropods Present Establish or Introduce possible biological control agents	CHEMICAL CONTROL Application of larvicides possible Accessible by truck Accessible by air only Application of adulticides No application of pesticides Water supply reservoir Swimming area Wetland Threatened or endangered species present Prohibited by owner or state/federal property 11. Other (describe)

Site Description*
Size of area:
Depth of Water:	Water Temperature:
Remediation-Control Options*
Biological Control:		Water Management:
Chemical Control:
Spray Hazards:

Number of Females Per Collection Date	Collection Dates
	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4

Ae. abserratus-punctor (ABP)
Ae. canadensis CAN)
Ae. cantator (CTT)
Ae. cinereus (CIN)
Ae. communis gr. (CGR)
Ae. dorsalis (DOR)
Ae. japonicus (JAP)
Ae. sollicitans (SOL)
Ae. sticticus (STC)
Ae. stimulans gr. (SEF)
Ae. taeniorhynchus (TAE)
Ae. triseriatus (TRI)
Ae. trivittatus (TVT)
Ae. vexans (VEX)
Ae. ____________
Ae. ____________
An. punctipennis (PUN)
An. quadrimaculatus (QUA)
An. walkeri (WAK)
An. ____________
Cq. perturbans (PER)
Cx. pipiens (PIP)
Cx. restuans (RES)
Cx. pipiens-restuans (PRE)
Cx. salinarius (SAL)
Cx. territans (TER)
Cx. ___________
Cs. melanura (MEL)
Cs. morsitans (MOR)
Cs. ___________
Ur. sapphirina (USA)
TOTAL

Genus species Name (Code)	Total Collected	Number of Trap-nights	Average per Trap-night
Ae. abserratus-punctor (ABP)
Ae. aurifer (AUR)
Ae. canadensis CAN)
Ae. cantator (CTT)
Ae. cinereus (CIN)
Ae. communis gr. (CGR)
Ae. dorsalis (DOR)
Ae. japonicus (JAP)
Ae. sollicitans (SOL)
Ae. sticticus (STC)
Ae. stimulans gr. (SEF)
Ae. taeniorhynchus (TAE)
Ae. triseriatus (TRI)
Ae. trivittatus (TVT)
Ae. vexans (VEX)
Ae. ____________
Ae. ____________
An. punctipennis (PUN)
An. quadrimaculatus (QUA)
An. walkeri (WAK)
An. ____________
Cq. perturbans (PER)
Cx. pipiens (PIP)
Cx. restuans (RES)
Cx. pipiens-restuans (PRE)
Cx. salinarius (SAL)
Cx. territans (TER)
Cx. ___________
Cs. melanura (MEL)
Cs. morsitans (MOR)
Cs. ___________
Ps. ___________
Ur. sapphirina (USA)
TOTAL

County	Code	County	Code
Albany	01	Ontario	34
Allegany	02	Orange	35
Broome	03	Orleans	36
Cattaraugus	04	Oswego	37
Cayuga	05	Otsego	38
Chautaugua	06	Putnam	39
Chemung	07	Rensselaer	41
Chenango	08	Rockland	43
Clinton	09	St. Lawrence	44
Columbia	10	Saratoga	45
Cortland	11	Schenectady	46
Delaware	12	Schohaire	47
Dutchess	13	Schuyler	48
Erie	14	Seneca	49
Essex	15	Steuben	50
Franklin	16	Suffolk	51
Fulton	17	Sullivan	52
Genesee	18	Tioga	53
Greene	19	Tompkins	54
Hamilton	20	Ulster	55
Herkimer	21	Warren	56
Jefferson	22	Washington	57
Lewis	24	Wayne	58
Livingston	25	Westchester	59
Madison	26	Wyoming	60
Monroe	27	Yates	61
Montgomery	28	Manhattan	93
Nassau	29	Bronx	94
Niagara	31	Kings (Brooklyn)	95
Oneida	32	Queens	96
Onondaga	33	Richmond	97

Aedes
Ae. abserratus	ABS
Ae. abserratus-punctor	ABP
Ae. atlanticus	ATL
Ae. atropalpus	ATR
Ae. aurifer	AUR
Ae. canadensis	CAN
Ae. cantator	CTT
Ae. cinereus	CIN
Ae. communis group	CGR
Ae. communis s.s.	COM
Ae. diantaeus	DIA
Ae. dorsalis	DOR
Ae. excrucians	EXC
Ae. fitchii	FIT
Ae. flavescens	FLA
Ae. grossbecki	GRO
Ae. hendersoni	HEN
Ae. impiger	IMP
Ae. intrudens	INT
Ae. japonicus	JAP
Ae. mitchellae	MIT
Ae. punctor	PTO
Ae. riparius	RIP
Ae. sollicitans	SOL
Ae. spencerii	SPN
Ae. sticticus	STC
Ae. stimulans group	SEF
Ae. stimulans s.s.	STI
Ae. taeniorhynchus	TAE
Ae. trichurus	TCH
Ae. triseriatus	TRI
Ae. trivittatus	TVT
Ae. vexans	VEX

Anopheles
An. barberi	BAR
An. bradleyi	BRD
An. crucians	CRU
An. earlei	EAR
An. punctipennis	PUN
An. quadrimaculatus	QUA
An. walkeri	WAK

Coquillettidia
Cq. perturbans	PER

Culex
Cx. pipiens	PIP
Cx. pipiens-restuans	PRE
Cx. restuans	RES
Cx. salinarius	SAL
Cx. territans	TER

Culiseta
Cs. impatiens	IPT
Cs. inornata	INO
Cs. melanura	MEL
Cs. morsitans	MOR

Orthopodomyia
O. alba	OAL
O. signifera	SIG

Psorophora
Ps. ciliata	PCI
Ps. confinnis	PCO
Ps. ferox	PFR
Ps. varipes	PVA

Toxorhynchites rutilus	TOX

Uranotaenia sapphirina	USA

Wyeomyia smithii	WYS

ABP	-	Aedes abserratus-punctor
ABS	-	Aedes abserratus
ATL	-	Aedes atlanticus
ATR	-	Aedes atropalpus
AUR	-	Aedes aurifer
BAR	-	Anopheles barberi
BRD	-	Anopheles bradleyi
CAN	-	Aedes canadensis
CGR	-	Aedes communis group
CIN	-	Aedes cinereus
COM	-	Aedes communis s.s.
CRU	-	Anopheles crucians
CTT	-	Aedes cantator
DIA	-	Aedes diantaeus
DOR	-	Aedes dorsalis
EAR	-	Anopheles earlei
EXC	-	Aedes excrucians
FIT	-	Aedes fitchii
FLA	-	Aedes flavescens
GRO	-	Aedes grossbecki
HEN	-	Aedes hendersoni
IMP	-	Aedes impiger
IPT	-	Culiseta impatiens
JAP	-	Aedes japonicus
MEL	-	Culiseta melanura
MIT	-	Aedes mitchellae
MOR	-	Culiseta moristans
OAL	-	Orthopodomyia alba
PCI	-	Psorophora ciliata
PCO	-	Psorophora confinnis
PER	-	Coquillettidia perturbans
PFR	-	Psorophora ferox
PIP	-	Culex pipiens
PRE	-	Culex pipiens-restuans
PTO	-	Aedes punctor
PUN	-	Anopheles punctipennis
PVA	-	Psorophora varipes
QUA	-	Anopheles quadrimaculatus
RES	-	Culex restuans
RIP	-	Aedes riparius
SAL	-	Culex salinarius
SEF	-	Aedes stimulans group
SIG	-	Orthopodomyia signifera
SOL	-	Aedes sollicitans
SPN	-	Aedes sticticus
STI	-	Aedes stimulans
TAE	-	Aedes taeniorhynchus
TCH	-	Aedes trichurus
TER	-	Culex territans
TOX	-	Toxorhynchites rutilus
TRI	-	Aedes triseriatus
TVT	-	Aedes trivittatus
USA	-	Uranotaenia sapphirina
VEX	-	Aedes vexans
WAK	-	Anopheles walkeri
WYS	-	Wyeomia smithii

Switch number			Functionality
1	2	3	Functionality
Open	Open	Open	Fan and light always on; operation independent of light levels.
Open	Open	Closed	Fan always on, light switches on at dusk and then off again at dawn.
Open	Closed	Closed	Fan and light both switch on at dusk and off at dawn; insects would be lost if trap is not services before dawn.
*Closed*	*Closed*	*Closed*	Fan and light both switch on at dusk; the following morning, the light goes off and the fan continues, saving the catch. *Recommended setting and shown in the figure below.*