References and Links

  1. Frieden T.A Framework for Public Health Action: The Health Impact Pyramid. American Journal of Public Health. 2010; 100(4): 590-595.
    Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836340/
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reproductive Health: Preterm Birth. March 23, 2012.
    Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/PretermBirth.htm
  3. Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention. Institute of Medicine. The National Academies. 2006
    Available at: http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2006/Preterm-Birth-Causes-Consequences-and-Prevention.aspx
  4. March of Dimes. Prematurity research. 2012.
    Available at: http://www.marchofdimes.org/materials/prematurity-campaign-progress-report-2012.pdf
  5. New York State Department of Health. Vital Statistics, Table 11b: Live Births by Gestation and Resident County, New York State - 2010.
    Available at: http://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/vital_statistics/2010/table11b.htm
  6. March of Dimes. What happens when babies are born too early: Testimony. May 12, 2010.
    Available at: http://www.marchofdimes.com/advocacy/prevention_indepth.html
  7. "In 2014, the New York State Department of Health joined the National March of Dimes and Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) in a national challenge to reduce preterm births by eight percent by 2014. The intervention strategies in that campaign are still relevant today.
    Available at: http://www.astho.org/Maternal-and-Child-Health/ASTHO-March-of-Dimes-Partnership/
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Premature Birth.
    Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/features/prematurebirth/
  9. Adams M, Elam-Evans L, Wilson H, et al. Rates of and factors associated with recurrence of preterm delivery. JAMA 2000; 283: 1591-1596.
  10. March of Dimes. Why at least 39 weeks is best for your baby. 2012.
    Available at: http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/getready_atleast39weeks.html
  11. New York State Perinatal Quality Collaborative.
    http://www.albany.edu/sph/cphce/mch_nyspqc.shtml
  12. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Counseling and Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use and Tobacco-Caused Disease in Adults and Pregnant Women, Topic Page. April 2009.
    Available at: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions
  13. Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness (HomVEE).
    Available at: http://homvee.acf.hhs.gov/
  14. Johnson K, Posner SF, Biermann J, et al., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care - United States. A report of the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Workgroup and the Select Panel on Preconception Care. MMWR 2006;55:1- 23
    Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5506a1.htm
  15. Ashton DM, Lawrence HC, Adams NL, et al. Surgeon General's Conference on the Prevention of Preterm Birth. Obstetrics Gynecology April 2009; 113(4): 925-930.
    Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19305340
  16. Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs. Forging a Comprehensive Initiative to Improve Birth Outcomes and Reduce Infant Mortality: Policy and Program Options for State Planning, July 2012 Compendium.
    Available at: http://www.amchp.org/AboutTitleV/Resources/Documents/AMCHP%20Birth%20Outcomes%20Compendium.pdf
  17. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2012
  18. Association of Maternal & Child Health Programs, Forging a Comprehensive Initiative to Improve Birth Outcomes and Reduce Infant Mortality - Policy and Program Options for State Planning, July 2012 Compendium
    Available at: http://www.amchp.org/AboutTitleV/Resources/Documents/AMCHP%20Birth%20Outcomes%20Compendium.pdf
  19. Maternal and Child Health Division, Stockton, California. Go before you show.
    Available at: http://www.gobeforeyoushow914.com/
  20. Damus, K. Prevention of preterm birth: a renewed national priority. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology 2008; 20(6): 590-596.
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23456348_Prevention_of_PTB_a_renewed_national_priority
  21. Guide to Community Preventive Services. Health communication & social marketing: campaigns that include mass media and health-related product distribution.
    Available at: https://www.thecommunityguide.org/findings/health-communication-and-social-marketing-campaigns-include-mass-media-and-health-related
  22. Bartholomew LK, Parcel GS, Kok G. Intervention Mapping: A Process for Developing Theory and Evidence-Based Health Education Programs.
    Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9768376
  23. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Educational Bulletin: Smoking cessation during pregnancy (No. 260). Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, September 2000.
    Available at: https://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Smoking-Cessation-During-Pregnancy
  24. NYS Department of Health. Medicaid Prenatal Care Standards. October 2010
    Available at: http://www.health.ny.gov/health_care/medicaid/standards/prenatal_care/
  25. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Final Update Summary: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. September 2015.
    Available at: https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions1 .
    Available at: https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions1.
  26. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Gonorrhea: Recommendation Statement. AHRQ Publication No. 05-0579-A, May 2005.
    Available at: https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening
  27. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for chlamydial infection: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:128-33.
    Available at:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17576996
  28. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening and behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce alcohol misuse: recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2004 Apr 6; 140(7): 554-6.
    Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15068984
  29. County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. (5/23/2012). CenteringPregnancy. Retrieved 10/2/2012 from
    Available at: http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/program/centeringpregnancy
  30. Ickovics JR, Kershaw TS, Westdahl C, et al. Group prenatal care and preterm birth: Results from a match cohort study at public clinics. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 102: 1051-7.
    http://pregnancyresearch.org/cpplus/repres/groupprecare_pretermbw.pdf
  31. Ickovics JR, Kershaw TS, Westdahl C, et al. Group prenatal care and perinatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gyecol Aug 2007; 110(2 Pt 1): 330-39.
    Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17666608
  32. Norwitz ER, Caughey AB. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee Opinion. Progesterone supplementation and the prevention of preterm birth. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Summer; 4(2): 60-72.
  33. Ozmen S. Tocolytics for preterm labour: RHL commentary (last revised: 27 January 2006). The WHO Reproductive Health Library, Geneva: World Organization
    Available at: http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/complications/prom/cd007062/en/
  34. American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Practice Bulletin: Management of Preterm Labor, Number 127, June 2012.
    Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22617615
  35. Nurse-Family Partnership Overview 2017
    Available at: https://www.nursefamilypartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/NFP_Overview.pdf
  36. Larson K, Levy J, Rome MG, et al.Public Health Detailing: A Strategy to Improve the Delivery of Clinical Preventive Services in New York City. Public Health Reports 2006, 121, 228-234.
    Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16640143
  37. Heaney CA, Israel BA. Social networks and social support. In Health Information and health education: theory, research and practice, 3rd ed. 2002: 185-209.
  38. Center for Disease Control (CDC) Recommendation & Reports from CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group and the Select Panel on Preconception Care. April 21, 2006/55(RR06); 1-23.
    Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5506a1.htm
  39. DHHS Office of Minority Health. National Standards on Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS).
    Available at: https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=2&lvlid=53
  40. Scutchfield FD, Howard AF. Moving on Upstream: The Role of Health Departments in Addressing Socioecologic Determinants of Disease. Am J Prevent Med. 2011;40 (Issue 1, Supplement 1):S80-83.
    Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21146784
  41. Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 153 AHRQ Publication No. 07-E007, 1-415. 2007. Rockville, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
    Available at: http://archive.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/evidence/pdf/brfout/brfout.pdf
  42. Bartick M, Reinhold A. The burden of suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: a pediatric cost analysis. Pediatrics. 2010;125:e1048-e1056.
    Available at: http://www.breastfeedingor.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/burden-of-suboptimal-breastfeeding-in-the-us.-a-cost-analysis.pdf
  43. Stuebe, A. The Risks of Not Breastfeeding for Mothers and Infants. Rev. Obstet Gynecol. Fall 2009, 2(4), 222-231.
    Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812877/
  44. Harder T, Bergmann R, Kallischnigg G, Plagemann A. Duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162:397-403.
    Available at: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/162/5/397.long
  45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Breastfeeding report card--United States,2014 Atlanta, GA.
    Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/reportcard.htm
  46. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General, 2011.
    Available at: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/breastfeeding/
  47. Bureau of Biometry and Health Statistics, New York State Department of Health, 2010
  48. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Breastfeeding among U.S. children born 2000-2009, CDC National Immunization Survey.
    Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/
  49. The Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS). New York State Department of Health. 2007.
    Available at: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsbrfd.htm
  50. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Primary Care Interventions to Promote Breastfeeding. Topic Page. October 2008.
    Available at: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsbrfd.htm
  51. Palda VA, Guise J-M, Wathen CN, et al. Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. CMAJ 2004; 170; 976-.978.
    Available at: http://www.ecmaj.ca/content/170/6/976.full.pdf+html
  52. Humphreys AS, Thompson NJ, Miner KR. Intention to breastfeed in low-income pregnant women: the role of social support and previous experience. Birth 1998; 169-74.
    Abstract available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9767219
  53. Mitra AK, Khoury AJ, Hinton AW, et al. Predictors of breastfeeding intention among low-income women. Mat Child Health J 2004 Jun; 8(2): 65-70.
    Abstract available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8509749_Predictors_of_Breastfeeding_Intention_Among_Low-Income_Women
  54. Perez-Escamilla, R. (2012). Breastfeeding social marketing: Lessons learned from USDA's "Loving Support" campaign. Breastfeeding Medicine, 7(5), 358-363.
    Available at: http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/bfm.2012.0063
  55. Wolynn T. Using social media to promote and support breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med 2012; 7(5): 364-365.
    Available at: http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/bfm.2012.0085
  56. Rogers J. 2013. Pregnancy Planning for Women with Mobility Disabilities. In: JH Stone, M Blouin, editors. International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation.
    Available at: http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/260/
  57. Castrucci BC, Hoover KL, Lim S, et al. Availability of lactation counseling services influences breastfeeding among infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Am J Public Health 2007; 21(5): 410-415.
    Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17515004
  58. United States Lactation Consultant Association. International Board of Lactation Consultants Staffing Recommendations for the Inpatient Setting.
    Abstract available at: http://uslca.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/IBCLC_Staffing_Recommendations_July_2010.pdf?_sm_au_=iHVPktT34kFt2N54
  59. United States Department of Agriculture. Food and Nutrition Service. Final Rule: Revisions in the WIC Food Packages.
    Available at http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/final-rule-revisions-wic-food-packages
  60. NYS Department of Health. 2012. Child and Adult Care Food Program - CACFP. 3
    Available at: http://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/nutrition/cacfp/
  61. New York State Early Childhood Advisory Council.
    Available at: http://qualitystarsny.org
  62. Khan LK, Sobush K, Keener, et al. Recommended Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity in the United States. MMWR, July 24, 2009, 58;1-26.
    Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5807a1.htm
  63. Amnesty International. 2010. Deadly Delivery: The Maternal Health Crisis in the USA.
    Available at: http://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/deadlydelivery.pdf
  64. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. 2010. Pregnancy-Associated Mortality: New York City, 2001-2005.
    Available at: http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/ms/pregnancy-associated-mortality-report.pdf
  65. NYS Department of Health. Maternal Mortality Review.
    Available at:http://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/deadlydelivery.pdf
  66. New York State Department of Health. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Guideline Summary. May 2013.
    Available at:http://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/protocols_and_guidelines/hypertensive_disorders/2013_hdp_guideline_summary.pdf
  67. Cantwell R, Clutton-Brock T, Cooper G, et al. Saving Mothers' Lives: Reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006-2008. The Eighth Report of the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. B J ObstetGynecol 2011 Mar;118 Suppl 1:1-203.
  68. Health Advisory: Prevention of Maternal Deaths Through Improved Management of Hemorrhage (NYSDOH 8/12/204)
    Available at: http://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/protocols_and_guidelines/maternal_hemorrhage/docs/health_advisory_update.pdf
  69. New York Academy of Medicine. Maternal Mortality in New York: A Call to Action. Findings and Priority Action Steps. February 2011.
    Avaiable at: http://www.albany.edu/sph/cphce/maternalmortality/2011_maternal-mortality-in-new-york-a-call-to-action.pdf
  70. Tita ATN, Landon MB, Spong CY, et al. 2009, January 8. Timing of Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery at Term and Neonatal Outcomes. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(2), 111-120.
    Available at: http://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/protocols_and_guidelines/maternal_hemorrhage/docs/health_advisory_update.pdf
  71. Ehrenthal DB, Hoffman MK, Jiang X, et al. 2011, Nov. Neonatal Outcomes After Implementation of Guidelines Limiting Elective Delivery Before 39 Weeks of Gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 118(5):1047-55.
  72. Moore L. Rayburn W. September 2006, Elective Induction of Labor. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 49(3), 698-704.
  73. Fisch J, English D, Pedaline S, et al. 2009, April. Labor Induction Process Improvement: A Patient Quality-of-Care Initiative. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 113(4), 797-803
  74. Oshiro BT, Henry E, Wilson J, et al. 2009, April. Decreasing Elective Deliveries before 39 Weeks of Gestation in an Integrated Health Care System. Am J Obstet Gynecol.113(4),804-811.
  75. Clark SL, Frye DR, Meyers JA, et al. 2010, November. Reduction in elective delivery at <39 weeks of gestation: comparative effectiveness of 3 approaches to change and the impact on neonatal intensive care admission and stillbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 203(5), 449.e1-449.e6
  76. Healthy People 2020. (2012). Early and middle childhood.
    Available at: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=10
  77. Clark SL, Frye DR, Meyers JA, et al. 2010, November. Reduction in elective delivery at <39 weeks of gestation: comparative effectiveness of 3 approaches to change and the impact on neonatal intensive care admission and stillbirth. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 203(5), 449.e1-449.e6
  78. 2007 National Survey of Children's Health
    Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/slaits/nsch.htm
  79. AAP. Council on Children with Disabilities, Identifying Infants and Young Children with Developmental Disorders in the Medical Home: An Algorithm for Developmental Surveillance and Screening. Pediatrics, 2006, 118(1):405-420.
    Available at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/118/1/405
  80. New York State Department of Health. Medicaid Update. 2009; 25(16)
    Available at: https://www.health.ny.gov/health_care/medicaid/program/update/2009/2009-12spec.htm
  81. National Institute for Health Care Management. The Case for Investing in Youth Health Literacy: One Step on a Path for Achieving Health Equity for Adolescents, 2001.
    Available at: https://www.nihcm.org/component/content/article/5-issue-brief/1310-the-case-for-investing-in-youth-health-literacy-one-step-on-the-path-to-achieving-health-equity-for-adolescents-issue-brief
  82. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General. 2000. Rockville, MD, National Institute of Health.
    Available at: http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/DataStatistics/SurgeonGeneral/Documents/hck1ocv.@www.surgeon.fullrpt.pdf
  83. Holt K, Barzel R. Pain and Suffering Shouldn't Be an Option: School-Based and School-Linked Oral Health Services for Children and Adolescents. National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center, Washington, DC, 2010.
    Available at: https://www.mchoralhealth.org/PDFs/schoolhealthfactsheet.pdf
  84. U.S. Census Bureau, State and County QuickFacts, New York State 2010 population data.
    Available at: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045216/36,00
  85. Hagan, JF, Shaw, LS, Duncan, PM, eds. 2008. Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents, Third Editions. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.
    Available at: https://brightfutures.aap.org/Pages/default.aspx
  86. Kleinman DV. The guide to community preventive services: Oral health. Am J Prevent Med July 2002; 23(1S): 1-2.
    Available at: http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(02)00436-1/references
  87. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Prevention of Dental Caries in Preschool-Aged Children, Topic Page. April 2004.
    Available at: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/dental-caries-in-preschool-children-screening
  88. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. School-Based Dental Sealant Programs.
    Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/dental_sealant_program/
  89. Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors. Use of Fluoride: School-Based Fluoride Mouthrinse and Supplement Programs.
    Available at: http://www.astdd.org/use-of-fluoride-school-based-fluoride-mouthrinse-and-supplement-programs
  90. N.Y. EDN. LAW § 903 : NY Code - Section 903: Students to furnish health certificates; and dental health certificates
    Available at: http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sss/schoolhealth/schoolhealthservices/s903.html
  91. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Community Water Fluoridation.
    Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/index.html
  92. Guide to Community Preventive Services. Preventing dental caries: community water fluoridation.
    Available at: http://www.thecommunityguide.org/oral/fluoridation.html
  93. Healthy People 2020. 2012. Family planning.
    Available at: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/family-planning
  94. Finer L, Henshaw S. Disparities in rates of unintended pregnancy in the United States, 1994 and 2001. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2006 Jun;38(2): 90-6.
    Available at: https://www.guttmacher.org/about/journals/psrh/2006/disparities-rates-unintended-pregnancy-united-states-1994-and-2001
  95. Zolna M, Lindberg L. Unintended Pregnancy: Incidence and Outcomes Among Young Adult Unmarried Women in the United States, 2001 and 2008. The Guttmacher Institute, April 2012.
    Available at: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/unintended-pregnancy-US-2001-2008.pdf
  96. Levy SR, Perhats C, Johnson MN. 1992. Risk for unintended pregnancy and childbearing among educable mentally handicapped adolescents. J Sch Health. Apr;62(4):151-3.
    Abstract Only: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1507868
  97. Emerging Answers 2007. Dr. Douglas Kirby, the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy.
    Available at: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED456171
  98. The Socioeconomic Effects of Teenage Childbearing: A Review of the Recent Literature. A Report to the Bureau of Maternal, Infant, and Reproductive Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. By: Sanders Korenman and Shannon Fales School of Public Affairs Baruch College, City University of New York; March 21, 2012.
  99. Sisson. 2012, March. Finding a Way to Offer Something More: Reframing Teen Pregnancy Prevention. Sex Research and Social Policy, 9(1); 57-69
    Abstract only: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13178-011-0050-5
  100. Kearney M. Teen Pregnancy Prevention as an Anti-Poverty Intervention: A Review of the Evidence. Prepared for NBER conference Volume Targeting Investments in Children: Fighting Poverty when Resources Are Limited.
    Available at: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11728.pdf
  101. Finer L. Zolna M. Unintended Pregnancy in the United States: Incidence and Disparities, 2006. Contraception, Volume 84, Issue 5, November 2011:478-485.
    Available at: Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22018121
  102. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preconception and inter-conception health status of women who recently gave birth to a live-born infant-pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS), United States, 26 Reporting Areas, 2004. MMWR Weekly. 2007 Dec 14;56(SS-10): 1-4.
    Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss5610.pdf
  103. Hulsey TM. Association between early prenatal care and mother's intention of and desire for the pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2001 May-Jun; 30(3):275-82.
    Abstract only: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11383950
  104. New York State Department of Health. Prevention Agenda Toward the Healthiest State. Progress Report 2012: Adolescent pregnancy.
    Available at: http://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/prevention_agenda/2013-2017/docs/healthy_women_children_infants.pdf
  105. Healthy People 2020 - Family Planning
  106. Kirby, D. Emerging Answers: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy. National Campaign to Reduce Teen Pregnancy.
    Available at: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED456171.pdf (See Reproductive Health on pp. 44-47).
  107. Davis L. Components of Promising Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs, 1996, Advocates for Youth.
    Available at: http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/component/content/article/514-components-of-promising-teen-pregnancy-prevention-programs
  108. The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. Policy Brief: Promoting Responsible Fatherhood through Pregnancy Planning and Prevention, March 2009.
  109. Johnson K, Posner SF, Biermann J, et al. Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care - United States. A Report of the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group and the Select Panel on Preconception Care. MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. April 21, 2006; 55(RR06); 1-23.
    Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5506a1.htm
  110. Catalano RF, Berglund LM, Ryan et al. Positive Youth Development in the United States: Research Findings on Evaluations of Positive Youth Development Programs, 1998. Report prepared for the US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Education, and the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development.
    Available at : https://jjrec.files.wordpress.com/2016/04/catalano2004.pdf
  111. Whitlock J. Understanding Youth Development Principles and Practices. Act for Youth Upstate Center of Excellence Research Facts and Findings.
    Available at: http://www.actforyouth.net/resources/rf/rf_understandyd_0904.pdf
  112. What Works. 2011-2012 Curriculum-Based Programs that Help Prevent Teen Pregnancy, The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy.
    Available at: http://hivhealthclearinghouse.unesco.org/library/documents/what-works-2011-2012-curriculum-based-programs-help-prevent-teen-pregnancy
  113. Frost J, Darroch J, Remez L. Improving Contraceptive Use in the United States, In Brief, 2008 Series, No. 1, Guttmacher Institute.
    Available at:https://www.guttmacher.org/report/improving-contraceptive-use-united-states and https://www.guttmacher.org/report/improving-contraceptive-use-united-states
  114. Healthy People 2020 Goals, Access to Health Services, Adolescent Health.
    Available at: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Adolescent-Health
  115. Young People's Healthcare: A National Imperative, National Adolescent and Young Adult Information Center, 2006.
    Available at: http://nahic.ucsf.edu/download/young-people%e2%80%99s-health-care-a-national-imperative/
  116. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) #539 October 2012.
    Available at: http://www.larcfirst.com/resources/evidence/larc_data/additional_resources/ACOG_Committee_Opinion_Adolescents_and_LARC.pdf
  117. Boonstra H. Guttmacher Institute. Emergency Contraception: Steps Being Taken to Improve Access. December 2002, Volume 5, Number 5.
    Available at: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Adolescent-Health
  118. Kavanaugh ML, Carlin EE, Jones RK. Guttmacher Institute. Patients' attitudes and experiences related to receiving contraception during abortion care. Contraception, May 2011.
    Available at: http://nahic.ucsf.edu/download/young-people%e2%80%99s-health-care-a-national-imperative/
  119. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Office on Women's Health. Depression during and after pregnancy fact sheet.
    Available at: https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/depression-pregnancy.html
  120. Finer L, Zolna M. The Guttmacher Institute Unintended Pregnancies in the United Stated by incidence and disparities, 2006.
    Available at: https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/pubs/journals/ajph.2013.301416.pdf
  121. Johnson K, Posner SF, Biermann J, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care - United States. A report of the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Workgroup and the Select Panel on Preconception Care. MMWR 2006;55:1- 23.
    Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5506a1.htm
  122. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Helping adolescents transition to adult care. 6/27/2011.
    Available at: http://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/Helping-Adolescents-Transition-to-Adult-Health-Care.aspx
  123. Gunn-Wright R. 2012. The Pregnancy Assistance Fund as a Support for Student Parents in Postsecondary Education. Institute for Women's Policy Research.
    Available at: http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/the-pregnancy-assistance-fund-as-a-support-for-student-parents-in-postsecondary-education
  124. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Integrating Services, Programs, and Strategies Through Community-wide Initiatives: The President's Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiative, Teen Pregnancy Prevention 2010-2015.
    Available at: www.cdc.gov/TeenPregnancy/PreventTeenPreg.htm
  125. The National Campaign for Preventing Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. Preventing Teen Pregnancy Through Outreach and Engagement: Tips for Using Digital Media.
    Available at: http://hivhealthclearinghouse.unesco.org/library/documents/what-works-2011-2012-curriculum-based-programs-help-prevent-teen-pregnancy
  126. Hellerstedt W. Pregnancy Intention: Why do we measure it and can we measure it? University of Minnesota. Vol 5: No. 1 June 2004.
    Available at: http://www.epi.umn.edu/mch/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/hg_june04.pdf
  127. Hellerstedt, W; Smith AE, Shew ML et al.  Perceived knowledge and training needs in adolescent pregnancy prevention. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154(7):679-684.
    Available at: http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/350078
  128. Faith-based Organizations as Partners in Family Planning - Working Together to Improve Family Well Being. Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University, August 2011.
    Available at: http://irh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/IRH_Faith_Report.oct_.5.reduced.pdf
  129. Mollborn S. NIH Public Health Access Authors Manuscript. Predictors and Consequences of Adolescents' Norms Against Teenage Pregnancy.
    Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172313/
  130. NYS Office of Childern and Family Services. Chapter 4 Health Care Coordination. Manual - Working Together: Health Services for Children in Foster Care.
    Available at: http://ocfs.ny.gov/main/sppd/health_services/manual.asp
  131. Fothergill K. Contraceptive Access at School-Based Health Centers: Three Case Studies. October 1999, Advocates for Youth; Principles and Guidelines for School Based Health Centers in New York State.
    Available at: http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/component/content/article/513-contraceptive-access-at-school-based-health-centers-three-case-studies
  132. Kirby DB, Brown NL. Condom Availability Program in U.S. Schools. Family Planning Perspectives Volume 28, Number 5, September/October 1996.
    Available at: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2819696.html
  133. Gold RB. Unintended Consequences: How Insurance Processes Inadvertently Abrogate Patient Confidentiality. National Institute for Health Care Management Foundation & the Guttmacher Institute. August 17, 2010.
    Available at: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/12/4/gpr120412.html
  134. Guttmacher Institute. Facts on Unintended Pregnancy in the United States. January 2012.
    Available at: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/FB-Unintended-Pregnancy-US.html
  135. FHI (The Science of Improving Lives). Evidence-based Guidelines for Youth Peer Education. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. September/October 1996; 28(5).
    Available at: http://www.fhi360.org/resource/evidence-based-guidelines-youth-peer-education
  136. Johnson K, Posner SF, Biermann J, et al. Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care---United States. A Report of the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group and the Select Panel on Preconception Care. MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. April 21, 2006; 55(RR06); 1-23.
    Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5506a1.htm
  137. Moos RH. Community Oriented Programs Environment Scale manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden, 1996.
  138. McComb HT. Association between early prenatal care and mother's Intention of and desire for the pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonat Nurs 2001; 30: 275-282.
  139. Atrash Hani, et al. Preconception Care for Improving Perinatal Outcomes: The Time to Act. Maternal and Child Health Journal. No 10. 2006. S3-S11.
  140. Grosse SD, Sotnikov SV, Leatherman S, Curtis M. The Business Case for Preconception Care: Methods and Issues. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 2006. 10 (Suppl 1): 93-99.
  141. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012. Women with Disabilities.
    Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/women.html
  142. Armour BS, Thiery JM, Wolf LA, et al. State-level differences in breast and cervical cancer screening by disability state: United States, 2008. Womens Health Issues, Nov-Dec 19(6), 406-24.
    Available at: https://www.fhi360.org/resource/evidence-based-guidelines-youth-peer-education
  143. Moos MK, Dunlop AL, Jack BW, et al. Healthier women, healthier reproductive outcomes: recommendations for the routine care of all women of reproductive age. Amer J Obstet Gyn, 2008; December: S280-S289.
  144. Gomes S, Lopes C, Pinto E. Folate and folic acid in the periconceptional period: recommendations from official health organizations in thirty-six countries worldwide and WHO. Public Health Nutr. 2016 Jan;19(1):176-89.
  145. Trussell Y, Wynn LL. Reducing unintended pregnancy in the United States. Contraception 2008 Jan; 77(1): 1-5.
  146. Woodruff TJ, Zota AR, Schwartz JM. Environmental chemicals in pregnant women in the United States: NHANES 2003-2004. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119: 78-885.
  147. Hood JR, Parker C, Atrash HK, et al. Recommendations to Improve Preconception Health and Health Care: Strategies for Implementation. Journal of Women's Health. 2007; 16(4): 454-457.
  148. Hoagwood K, Burns BJ, Kiser L, et al. Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. Psychiatric Services, 2001: 52(9): 1179-1189.
  149. Rankin JA, Satterthwaite RK. Consumer Health on the Internet. Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet. 2003; 7(2): 1-12.
  150. Armstrong B, Cohall AT, Vaughan RD, et al. Involving Men in Reproductive Health: The Young Men's Clinic. American Journal of Public Health. 1999; 89(6): 902-905.
  151. Lopez NJ, Smith PC, Gutierrez J. Periodontal Therapy May Reduce the Risk of Preterm Low Birth Weight in Women with Periodontal Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Periodontology. 2002; 73(8): 911-924.
  152. Rosenberg TJ, Garbers S, Lipkind H, et al. Maternal Obesity and Diabetes as Risk Factors for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Differences among 4 Racial/Ethnic Groups. American Journal of Public Health. 2005; 95(9): 1545-1551.
  153. Tylee A, Haller DM, Graham T, et al. Youth-friendly primary care services: how are we doing and what more needs to be done? The Lancet, 2007: 1-9.
  154. Berlan ED, Bravender T. Confidentiality, consent, and caring for the adolescent patient. Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 2009; 21(4): 450-456.
  155. National Institute for Health Care Management. The Case for Investing in Youth Health Literacy: One Step on a Path for Achieving Health Equity for Adolescents. 2001.