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Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)

Definitions of indicators

Infant Health

Indicator	Question	Possible Responses	Data Collection Period	Definition
Breastfeeding initiation	Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your baby?	No Yes	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes." Denominator: All respondents, excluding those whose babies have died or are not living with them.
Breastfeeding four weeks or more	How many weeks or months did you breastfeed or pump milk to feed your baby?	____weeks ____months Less than one week	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who breastfed for four weeks or more. Denominator: All respondents, excluding those whose babies have died or are not living with them.
Breastfeeding eight weeks or more	How many weeks or months did you breastfeed or pump milk to feed your baby?	____weeks ____months Less than one week	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who breastfed for eight weeks or more. Denominator: All respondents, excluding those whose bbabies have died or are not living with them.

Oral Health

Indicator	Question	Possible Responses	Data Collection Period	Definition
Teeth cleaned during pregnancy	When did you have your teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist?	Before my most recent pregnancy During my most recent pregnancy After my most recent pregnancy	2004-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "during my most recent pregnancy." Denominator: All respondents (excluding respondents who have never had their teeth cleaned).
Needed to see a dentist for a problem during pregnancy	This question is about the care of your teeth and gums during your most recent pregnancy	I needed to see a dentist for a problem I went to a dentist or a dental clinic A dental or other health care worker talked to me about how to care for my teeth and gums	2002-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I needed to see a dentist for a problem." Denominator: All respondents.
Went to a dentist or dental clinic during pregnancy	This question is about the care of your teeth and gums during your most recent pregnancy	I needed to see a dentist for a problem I went to a dentist or a dental clinic A dental or other health care worker talked to me about how to care for my teeth and gums	2002-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I went to a dentist or dental clinic." Denominator: All respondents.
Talked to a dentist or health care worker about care of teeth and gums during pregnancy	This question is about the care of your teeth and gums during your most recent pregnancy	I needed to see a dentist for a problem I went to a dentist or a dental clinic A dental or other health care worker talked to me about how to care for my teeth and gums	2002-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "A dental or other health care worker talked to me about how to care for my teeth and gums. " Denominator: All respondents.

Nutrition

Indicator	Question	Possible Responses	Data Collection Period	Definition
Multivitamin use before pregnancy	During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby, how many times a week did you take a multivitamin or a prenatal vitamin?	I didn't take a multivitamin or prenatal vitamin at all 1 to 3 days a week 4 to 6 days a week Every day of the week	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "1 to 3 days a week" or "4 to 6 days a week" or "everyday of the week." Denominator: All respondents.
Folic acid knowledge	Some health experts recommend taking folic acid for which one of the following reasons?	To make strong bones To prevent birth defects To prevent high blood pressure I don't know	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "To prevent birth defects." Denominator: All respondents.
WIC services during pregnancy	During your most recent pregnancy were you on WIC (the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children)?	No Yes	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes." Denominator: All respondents.

Maternal Behaviors

Indicator	Question	Possible Responses	Data Collection Period	Definition
Smoking before pregnancy	In the 3 months before you got pregnant, how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day?	41 cigarettes or more 21 to 40 cigarettes 11 to 20 cigarettes 6 to 10 cigarettes 1 to 5 cigarettes Less than 1 cigarette None (0) cigarettes	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who reported smoking any cigarettes. Denominator: All respondents.
Smoking during pregnancy	In the last three months of pregnancy, how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day?	41 cigarettes or more 21 to 40 cigarettes 11 to 20 cigarettes 6 to 10 cigarettes 1 to 5 cigarettes Less than 1 cigarette None (0) cigarettes	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who reported smoking any cigarettes. Denominator: All respondents.
Smoking after delivery	How many cigarettes do you smoke on an average day now?	41 cigarettes or more 21 to 40 cigarettes 11 to 20 cigarettes 6 to 10 cigarettes 1 to 5 cigarettes Less than 1 cigarette None (0) cigarettes	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who reported smoking any cigarettes. Denominator: All respondents.

Family Planning

Indicator	Question	Possible Responses	Data Collection Period	Definition
Fertility treatments received for most recent pregnancy	Did you receive treatment from a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker to help you get pregnant with your new baby?	No Yes	2004-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes." Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who were not trying to get pregnant, and those using birth control to prevent pregnancy.
Women who were using birth control when they became pregnant	When you got pregnant with your new baby, were you or your husband or partner doing anything to keep from getting pregnant?	No Yes	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes." Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who were trying to get pregnant.
Live births resulting from an unintended pregnancy	Thinking back to just before you became pregnant with your new baby, how did you feel about becoming pregnant?	I wanted to be pregnant sooner I wanted to be pregnant later I wanted to be pregnant then I didn't want to be pregnant then or at any time in the future	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "I wanted to be pregnant later" or "I didn't want to be pregnant then or at any time in the future." Denominator: All respondents.

Prenatal Care

Indicator	Question	Possible Responses	Data Collection Period	Definition
Prenatal care counseling on smoking during pregnancy	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below?	How smoking during pregnancy could affect my baby Breastfeeding my baby How drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect my baby Using a seatbelt during my pregnancy Birth control methods to use after my pregnancy Medicines that are safe to take during my pregnancy How using illegal drugs could affect my baby Doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in my family What to do if my labor starts early Getting tested for HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) Physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "How smoking during pregnancy could affect my baby." Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal care counseling on alcohol use during pregnancy	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below?	How smoking during pregnancy could affect my baby Breastfeeding my baby How drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect my baby Using a seatbelt during my pregnancy Birth control methods to use after my pregnancy Medicines that are safe to take during my pregnancy How using illegal drugs could affect my baby Doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in my family What to do if my labor starts early Getting tested for HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) Physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "How drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect my baby." Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
Prenatal care counseling on HIV testing during pregnancy	During any of your prenatal care visits, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker talk with you about any of the things listed below?	How smoking during pregnancy could affect my baby Breastfeeding my baby How drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect my baby Using a seatbelt during my pregnancy Birth control methods to use after my pregnancy Medicines that are safe to take during my pregnancy How using illegal drugs could affect my baby Doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in my family What to do if my labor starts early Getting tested for HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) Physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Getting tested for HIV (the virus that causes AIDS)." Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.
HIV test during pregnancy	At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery, did you have a test for HIV (the virus that causes AIDS)?	No Yes	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Yes." Denominator: All respondents.
Prenatal care received from doctor's office or HMO clinic	Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal care visits?	Hospital clinic Health Department Clinic Private doctor's office or HMO clinic Community Health Center Other________	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "Private doctor's office or HMO clinic." Denominator: All respondents, excluding those who did not go for prenatal care.

Mental Health

Indicator	Question	Possible Responses	Data Collection Period	Definition
Poor mental health status during pregnancy	How would you describe the time during your most recent pregnancy?	One of the happiest times of my life A happy time with few problems A moderately hard time A very hard time One of the worst times of my life	2000-2009	Numerator: Respondents who checked "A very hard time" or "One of the worst times of my life." Denominator: All respondents.